A patient going home on warfarin has been taught about the drug. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll report any blood in my urine or black stools."
B"I'll keep my appointments for blood tests."
C"I'll try to keep the amount of green vegetables I eat steady."
D"I'll stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A colleague has drawn up a medication and asks the nurse to give it to her patient. What should the nurse do?
AGive it, because the colleague is experienced
BGive it, as long as the syringe has a label with the drug name on it
CGive it, and document that the colleague prepared it
DDecline, and give only medications that the nurse prepared or checked personally
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
During a power cut in a US hospital, a ventilator must stay powered. Where should it be plugged in?
AInto any white outlet in the room
BInto the outlet that is closest to the bed, whatever its color
CInto a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
DInto an extension cord from the corridor
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A patient’s peripheral IV site is swollen, pale and cool, and the infusion has slowed. What should the nurse do first?
AApply a tight bandage over the site to reduce swelling
BFlush the cannula hard to clear the blockage
CIncrease the infusion rate to overcome the resistance
DStop the infusion and remove the cannula
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
On a cardiac step-down unit, which patient should the nurse assess first?
ASix hours after a coronary stent, new chest pain with ST elevation on the monitor
BAtrial fibrillation on warfarin with an INR of 2.6 this morning
CDay 2 after a pacemaker insertion, asking when the wound dressing will be changed
DHeart failure, weight up 0.5 kg since yesterday, no breathlessness at rest
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which rule is essential for safe use of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)?
AThe nurse should press it every hour
BThe button should be pressed before each meal
CRelatives should press it while the patient sleeps
DOnly the patient should press the button
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
Why are early surgery and early mobilisation recommended for older patients with a hip fracture?
AThey make physiotherapy and rehabilitation unnecessary after discharge
BThey allow the bone to heal fully without any need for pain relief
CThey mainly reduce the cost of the operation
DThey reduce complications such as pneumonia, pressure ulcers and delirium
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A nurse completed the hepatitis B vaccine series. Which result shows protective immunity?
AA raised ALT level
BA positive HBsAg test
CAnti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
DA positive IgM anti-HBc
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A nursing student has a positive interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) for tuberculosis, no symptoms and a normal chest X-ray. What does this most likely mean?
ALatent TB infection, which is not contagious
BPast BCG vaccination only, with no infection
CA false result, as the test does not detect TB
DActive pulmonary TB, which is contagious
11.薬理学ふつう
Why are benzodiazepines used with great caution in older people?
AThey cause permanent hearing loss in older people
BThey raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures
CThey are not absorbed from the gut after age 65
DThey cause severe high blood pressure in older people
12.薬理学むずかしい
薬が血液脳関門を通過しやすくなる性質は?
A高い水溶性と強いイオン化
B高い脂溶性と小さい分子サイズ
C大きい分子量と強いタンパク結合
D生理的 pH で正の電荷を持つこと
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Which feature of a COPD exacerbation most suggests that antibiotics are needed?
AA mild sore throat that lasted for one day only
BA clear runny nose
CA dry, tickly cough with no sputum at all for a day
DAn increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?
AAn asthma attack
BDecompensated heart failure
CA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
DHyperventilation from anxiety
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A stroke patient speaks fluently, but the words make little sense, and they do not follow simple instructions. Which type of aphasia is this?
ADysarthria from facial weakness
BGlobal aphasia with no speech at all
CExpressive (Broca's) aphasia
DReceptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient on haemodialysis is on a medical ward. Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?
AWeighing the patient before they go to dialysis
BAssessing the thrill and bruit of the fistula
CTeaching the patient about fluid restriction
DDeciding which morning medicines to hold
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
A patient on warfarin is booked for elective surgery with a high bleeding risk. What is usual practice?
AStop it about 5 days before and check the INR
BTake the usual dose on the morning of surgery
CSwap to aspirin on the morning of surgery
DDouble the dose for a week so the blood is ready for surgery
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
術後のオピオイドPCAで、呼吸抑制のリスクが最も高い患者はどれですか?
A痛みスコアが8/10で、完全に目覚めて覚醒している患者
B睡眠時無呼吸があり、鎮静薬も服用しているオピオイド未使用の高齢患者
C何か月も定期的にオピオイドを使っている若い患者
Dほかに内科的問題がなく、パラセタモールを投与されている患者
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
常位胎盤早期剥離に典型的な所見はどれですか?
A腹痛、硬くこわばった子宮、暗赤色の出血
B柔らかく弛緩した圧痛のない子宮を伴う、痛みのない鮮紅色の出血
C陣痛を伴わない透明な水の漏れ
D手のひらと足の裏のかゆみ
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A newborn has excessive frothy saliva and chokes and turns blue with the first feed. What is the priority?
AGive the baby water instead of milk
BContinue feeding more slowly
CStop feeding and report it urgently
DPlace the baby on its back to sleep
21.小児看護ふつう
A child with suspected appendicitis is waiting for surgery. Which action must the nurse avoid?
APutting a heat pad on the abdomen
BKeeping the child nil by mouth
CRegular pain assessment
DGiving IV fluids as prescribed
22.小児看護むずかしい
A sexually active 17-year-old has no symptoms and asks why chlamydia testing is offered. What is the best answer?
AChlamydia often causes no symptoms but can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility
BChlamydia always causes severe pain, so testing is only a formality
CTesting is required by law before any young person can see a nurse or doctor for any reason
DChlamydia can only be caught from shared towels and toilet seats
23.精神看護ふつう
A newly admitted patient asks, "Do you think I'm crazy?" Which response is most therapeutic?
A"Everyone here is a bit crazy in some way, so there's really nothing for you to worry about."
B"Yes, but you're in the right place now."
C"You seem worried about what being here means. Can you tell me more?"
D"Of course not. Only crazy people would ask that."
答え: D · "I'll stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
これが答えになる理由
Vitamin K in green vegetables opposes warfarin, so a stable intake keeps the INR steady. Cutting them out suddenly can make the INR rise; bleeding signs and blood tests are correct points.
答え
D · "I'll stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Decline, and give only medications that the nurse prepared or checked personally
これが答えになる理由
Nurses give only medicines they prepared themselves or verified fully, because they are accountable for what they give. A drug prepared by someone else may be wrong in ways the nurse cannot see.
答え
D · Decline, and give only medications that the nurse prepared or checked personally
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Into a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
これが答えになる理由
In US hospitals, red outlets are usually connected to the emergency generator. Life-support equipment is plugged into them, and battery backups are checked as part of emergency planning.
答え
C · Into a red outlet connected to the emergency generator
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Stop the infusion and remove the cannula
これが答えになる理由
A cool, pale, swollen site suggests infiltration. The nurse stops the infusion, removes the cannula, elevates the limb and restarts the IV at another site as needed.
答え
D · Stop the infusion and remove the cannula
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Six hours after a coronary stent, new chest pain with ST elevation on the monitor
これが答えになる理由
New chest pain with ST elevation after a stent suggests the stent may have blocked, causing an acute myocardial infarction. This is an emergency; the other findings are within target or routine.
答え
A · Six hours after a coronary stent, new chest pain with ST elevation on the monitor
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Only the patient should press the button
これが答えになる理由
If the patient becomes too sedated, they stop pressing the button, which protects them. When others press it, this safety mechanism is lost and overdose can occur.
答え
D · Only the patient should press the button
8.臨床看護学
答え: D · They reduce complications such as pneumonia, pressure ulcers and delirium
これが答えになる理由
Delayed surgery and immobility increase the risk of chest infection, VTE, pressure ulcers, delirium and loss of independence. Guidelines recommend surgery within about 24–48 hours of admission (UK guidance: the day of or day after) and mobilisation soon after.
答え
D · They reduce complications such as pneumonia, pressure ulcers and delirium
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Anti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
これが答えになる理由
An anti-HBs level of at least 10 mIU/mL after vaccination indicates protection. HBsAg and IgM anti-HBc indicate infection, not immunity. Health care workers are often tested after vaccination.確認に用いた資料:Hepatitis virus panel · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · Anti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Latent TB infection, which is not contagious
これが答えになる理由
A positive IGRA with no symptoms and a normal chest X-ray indicates latent TB infection, which cannot spread to others. Treatment of latent TB is often offered to prevent later active disease. The IGRA is much less likely than the skin test to give a false-positive result after BCG vaccination.確認に用いた資料:Tuberculosis Screening · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); PPD skin test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Latent TB infection, which is not contagious
11.薬理学
答え: B · They raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures
これが答えになる理由
Older people are more sensitive to benzodiazepines and often eliminate them more slowly. Sedation, unsteadiness and confusion raise the risk of falls and fractures.
答え
B · They raise the risk of confusion, falls and fractures
答え: D · An increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
これが答えになる理由
Antibiotics are usually considered when sputum becomes more purulent, especially with more breathlessness or sputum volume, or signs of pneumonia. Many exacerbations are viral. Oral corticosteroids and increased bronchodilators are also used.
答え
D · An increase in purulent (green or yellow) sputum
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Decompensated heart failure
これが答えになる理由
Basal crackles, raised JVP, oedema and a high natriuretic peptide point to heart failure rather than a COPD exacerbation alone. Distinguishing them matters, because treatment (diuretics and HF drugs versus bronchodilators and steroids) is different. Both may occur together.
答え
B · Decompensated heart failure
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · Receptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
これが答えになる理由
Receptive aphasia comes from damage to Wernicke's area in the dominant temporal lobe. Speech is fluent but often meaningless, and comprehension is impaired. Patients are often unaware of their errors.
答え
D · Receptive (Wernicke's) aphasia
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Weighing the patient before they go to dialysis
これが答えになる理由
Weighing a patient is a routine task suitable for a trained assistant. Assessing the access, making medication decisions and teaching require the registered nurse's knowledge and judgement.
答え
A · Weighing the patient before they go to dialysis
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Stop it about 5 days before and check the INR
これが答えになる理由
Warfarin is usually stopped about 5 days before such surgery, and the INR is checked beforehand. Patients at high clotting risk may be given bridging therapy with a heparin, as planned by the team.
Drooling and choking with feeds suggest oesophageal atresia with or without tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Feeding is stopped, the pouch is suctioned and the baby is kept upright while surgical review is arranged.
答え
C · Stop feeding and report it urgently
21.小児看護
答え: A · Putting a heat pad on the abdomen
これが答えになる理由
Heat on the abdomen and laxatives or enemas are avoided in suspected appendicitis because they can increase the risk of perforation. Nil by mouth, IV fluids, analgesia and close monitoring are appropriate.
答え
A · Putting a heat pad on the abdomen
22.小児看護
答え: A · Chlamydia often causes no symptoms but can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility
これが答えになる理由
Chlamydia is the most commonly diagnosed bacterial STI in young people and is often asymptomatic. Untreated, it can cause pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Testing is simple and treatment is effective.
答え
A · Chlamydia often causes no symptoms but can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility
23.精神看護
答え: C · "You seem worried about what being here means. Can you tell me more?"
これが答えになる理由
The question often hides fear or shame about being in a mental health setting. Exploring the concern shows acceptance, while labelling or false reassurance does not help.
答え
C · "You seem worried about what being here means. Can you tell me more?"
24.精神看護
答え: A · パニックと決めつける前に、バイタルサインを含めて身体的にアセスメントし、方針に従って心電図を記録する
A · パニックと決めつける前に、バイタルサインを含めて身体的にアセスメントし、方針に従って心電図を記録する
25.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: T = 37.1 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9、°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。°F から変換するときは、掛ける前に32を引きます。°C から変換するときは、掛けた後に32を足します。簡単な確認:37 °C は 98.6 °F で、1 °C ごとに 1.8 °F です。
32を引く
98.7 − 32 = 66.7
5/9を掛ける
T = 66.7·5/9 = 37.06 ≈ 37.1 °C
答え
T = 37.1 °C
26.看護の計算と単位換算
答え: D = 44.64 mg/h
次元解析:与えられた量を書き、それに分数で表した換算係数(例:60 min/1 h や 1 mg/1000 mcg)を掛けていきます。不要な単位が分子と分母に1回ずつ現れて約分されるようにします。求める単位だけが残ったら計算します。問題で与えられた換算値を使い、丸めるのは最終的な答えだけです。
換算の連鎖を立てる
D = 8 mcg/kg/min × 93 kg × (60 min/1 h) × (1 mg/1000 mcg)
計算する
D = 8·93·60/1000 = 44.64 mg/h
答え
D = 44.64 mg/h
27.投与量の計算
答え: V = 3 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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