An older patient's leg wound has become more painful and has a new unpleasant smell, but there is no fever. What does this suggest?
AThe wound has dried out and needs to be left open
BNormal healing, because there is no fever and the wound is still closed
CA possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
DAn allergy to the dressing that needs no action
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A family member tells the nurse, “My father is not himself. Something is wrong.” The hospital has a family-activated rapid response system. What is correct?
AOnly doctors may call the rapid response team
BThe family should call emergency services from outside the hospital
CThe family must wait for the next scheduled ward round to raise the concern with a doctor
DThe family can call the rapid response team if they are worried and staff have not responded
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse has a needlestick from a patient whose HIV and hepatitis status is unknown. What should happen?
AThe nurse waits six months before having any blood tests at all
BThe nurse is assumed to be infected and stops all work
CThe source patient is tested per policy, and the nurse has baseline tests
DNothing, because the source patient is probably not infected
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
The day after a total thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. What should the nurse do first?
AEncourage deep breaths into a paper bag until it passes
BReassure the patient that this is normal after neck surgery
CGive the patient’s routine oral iron supplement early
DCheck for signs of low calcium and inform the provider
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient opens their eyes only to pain, uses inappropriate words and withdraws from pain. What is the Glasgow Coma Scale score?
A11
B7
C9
D13
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Why is blood pressure monitored closely in a patient with an epidural infusion?
ABlood pressure readings show whether the catheter is infected
BThe local anaesthetic can block sympathetic nerves and cause hypotension
CThe epidural pump uses the blood pressure to set the rate
DEpidurals always cause severe hypertension that needs regular treatment
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
体表面積 30% の熱傷患者が入院しました。最初の 24 時間で最も懸念される早期合併症は?
A長期の不動による褥瘡
B体液喪失による循環血液量減少性ショック
C便秘
D瘢痕と拘縮
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient had a total gastrectomy. Which long-term therapy is needed to prevent anemia?
ALifelong oral folic acid tablets only
BWeekly doses of oral vitamin K tablets
CMonthly transfusions of red blood cells
DLifelong vitamin B12 replacement
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
An older adult with type 2 diabetes is drowsy and very dehydrated. Glucose 920 mg/dL (51 mmol/L), serum osmolality 350 mOsm/kg, pH 7.36, urine ketones negative or trace. Which condition fits best?
ADiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
BMetformin-related lactic acidosis
CHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
DSyndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
11.薬理学ふつう
バンコマイシンの静注は、何による感染症の治療によく使われますか?
APseudomonas aeruginosa
BMRSA
CEscherichia coli
DCandida albicans
12.薬理学むずかしい
Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?
AIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor
BIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
CIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
DIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
What is the main problem in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?
AA leaking aortic valve
BA dilated ventricle that cannot contract strongly
A patient with narcissistic personality disorder demands that only the senior doctor should speak to him, because the nurses are "beneath him". What is the best approach?
ATell him that he is not as important as he thinks he is
BRespond respectfully but firmly, and keep the same expectations as for other patients
CAvoid him as much as possible, because he is rude and unpleasant to the nursing staff
DArrange for only the senior doctor to see him from now on
24.精神看護むずかしい
An 8-year-old taking methylphenidate for 6 months has dropped from the 50th to the 25th centile for weight. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
AStop the medicine immediately without telling the prescriber
BIgnore it, because weight changes in children are always normal
CReport the finding, review his eating pattern and suggest giving the medicine after breakfast
DAdvise giving a double dose at night instead, so that the medicine does not affect his appetite during the day
答え: C · A possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
これが答えになる理由
Increasing pain, odour, new exudate or delayed healing can signal infection even without fever, especially in older adults. The wound is assessed, the change reported and a swab taken if policy advises.
答え
C · A possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · The family can call the rapid response team if they are worried and staff have not responded
これが答えになる理由
Family-activated rapid response systems allow patients and families to call for help directly when they notice a worrying change. The nurse should also take the concern seriously and assess the patient.
答え
D · The family can call the rapid response team if they are worried and staff have not responded
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · The source patient is tested per policy, and the nurse has baseline tests
これが答えになる理由
After first aid and reporting, the source patient is tested according to law and policy, and the nurse has baseline testing. A rapid risk assessment decides whether HIV prophylaxis is started while results are awaited.
答え
C · The source patient is tested per policy, and the nurse has baseline tests
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Check for signs of low calcium and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
Damage to the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery can cause hypocalcemia. Tingling, muscle cramps and a positive Chvostek or Trousseau sign need prompt reporting and calcium replacement as prescribed.
答え
D · Check for signs of low calcium and inform the provider
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · 9
これが答えになる理由
Eyes open to pain scores 2, inappropriate words score 3 and withdrawal from pain scores 4, giving 9. A score of 8 or less often means the patient cannot protect their airway.
答え
C · 9
7.臨床看護学
答え: B · The local anaesthetic can block sympathetic nerves and cause hypotension
これが答えになる理由
Epidural local anaesthetic can cause vasodilation and hypotension. Nurses also monitor sedation, respiratory rate, block height, motor function and the catheter site.
答え
B · The local anaesthetic can block sympathetic nerves and cause hypotension
Intrinsic factor from the stomach is needed to absorb vitamin B12 in the ileum. After a total gastrectomy, B12 must be replaced for life, usually by injection, to prevent macrocytic anemia and nerve damage.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia - Causes · NHS (2023); Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · Lifelong vitamin B12 replacement
10.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
これが答えになる理由
HHS causes extreme hyperglycemia and high osmolality with severe dehydration, but enough insulin is present to prevent significant ketosis, so the pH is near normal. DKA has ketones and acidosis; SIADH has low osmolality.確認に用いた資料:Ketoacidosis · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023); Osmolality blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え: B · Its metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
これが答えになる理由
Norpethidine is excreted by the kidney and is a CNS stimulant. When it accumulates, it causes tremor, agitation and seizures, so other opioids are preferred.
答え
B · Its metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · A stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole
これが答えになる理由
In HFpEF, the left ventricle is stiff and relaxes poorly, so filling pressures rise and cause congestion even though the ejection fraction is normal. It is common in older people with hypertension, diabetes and obesity. HFrEF is mainly a problem of contraction.
答え
C · A stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole
答え: C · A weight gain of 2 kg (4.4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
これが答えになる理由
Rapid weight gain reflects fluid retention. Oedema, breathlessness, crackles in the lungs and a raised blood pressure are other signs. Daily weights are a simple and reliable way to track fluid balance.
答え
C · A weight gain of 2 kg (4.4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · "As long as I take my tablets, I can swim alone."
これが答えになる理由
People with epilepsy should never swim alone, even if their seizures are well controlled. Showers are safer than baths. Telling friends about first aid and keeping a seizure diary are good practice.
答え
D · "As long as I take my tablets, I can swim alone."
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · To shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
Shorter fasting reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia and makes it easier to restart normal eating and medicines. Glucose is monitored, and a variable-rate insulin infusion may be used for longer fasts.
答え
C · To shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
答え: C · Checking staff ID before handing over a baby
これが答えになる理由
Matching ID bands, checking staff identification and teaching parents to hand their baby only to identified staff are key. Information about the baby should not be displayed publicly.
答え
C · Checking staff ID before handing over a baby
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: A · Talk with her alone, assess her safety and offer support
これが答えになる理由
Intimate partner violence often begins or worsens in pregnancy. The nurse should talk to her alone, assess safety, document carefully and offer support and local resources, without confronting the partner.
答え
A · Talk with her alone, assess her safety and offer support
21.小児看護
答え: C · To ventilate the middle ear and let fluid drain
これが答えになる理由
Grommets are small tubes placed in the eardrum that equalise pressure and let fluid drain from the middle ear, improving hearing. They usually fall out by themselves as the eardrum heals.
答え
C · To ventilate the middle ear and let fluid drain
答え: B · Respond respectfully but firmly, and keep the same expectations as for other patients
これが答えになる理由
People with narcissistic personality disorder have a fragile self-esteem beneath the grandiosity. A consistent, respectful and non-defensive approach avoids power struggles and maintains the usual boundaries.
答え
B · Respond respectfully but firmly, and keep the same expectations as for other patients
24.精神看護
答え: C · Report the finding, review his eating pattern and suggest giving the medicine after breakfast
これが答えになる理由
Appetite suppression is a common stimulant effect and can affect growth. The prescriber needs to know, and strategies such as giving the dose after breakfast and offering a good evening meal can help.
答え
C · Report the finding, review his eating pattern and suggest giving the medicine after breakfast
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
体表面積
BSA = √(146·33/3600) = √1.338 = 1.157 m²
投与量
D = 75·1.157 = 86.76 mg
答え
D = 86.76 mg
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 360 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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