A patient is prescribed two different eye drops at the same time. What is correct?
AMix the two drops in one bottle
BGive both drops at once into the same eye
CGive one drop now and the other the next day
DWait about five minutes between the two drops
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient due a blood transfusion is not wearing an identity band. What should the nurse do?
AAsk another patient to confirm who the patient is
BNot start until a correct identity band is in place and identity is confirmed
CAsk the patient to state their name and date of birth, then start straight away
DCheck the name on the bed and proceed
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with pneumonia had a CRP of 180 mg/L on admission and 40 mg/L after 4 days of antibiotics. What does this most likely show?
AThe inflammation is settling with treatment
BThe antibiotic is causing liver damage
CThe patient has developed a new infection
DThe infection has spread to another organ
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A man of Mediterranean descent develops dark urine, jaundice and a falling hemoglobin a few days after eating fava beans. Which condition is most likely?
AVitamin B12 deficiency anemia
BG6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
CSickle cell crisis with vaso-occlusion
DIron-deficiency anemia from poor diet
11.薬理学ふつう
Why is simvastatin traditionally taken in the evening?
AIt causes too much drowsiness to be taken in the morning
BIt must be taken with the largest meal of the day
CIt is inactivated by sunlight during the day
DIt is short-acting, and cholesterol synthesis peaks at night
12.薬理学むずかしい
A patient's record shows anaphylaxis to penicillin. Amoxicillin has been prescribed. What should the nurse do?
AGive the amoxicillin, as it belongs to a different antibiotic group
BWithhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
CGive the amoxicillin with an antihistamine to prevent a reaction
DGive half the dose and observe for a reaction
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?
ABrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
BA cold, white foot with no pulse
CA sharply defined red patch with fever
DPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient regains a pulse after a ventricular fibrillation arrest that was probably caused by a heart attack. Which investigation is most urgent?
AA 12-lead ECG
BAn abdominal ultrasound
CSpirometry
DA lumbar puncture
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
高血糖高浸透圧状態(HHS)について正しい記述はどれですか?
A主に1型糖尿病の幼児にみられる
B主に2型糖尿病の高齢者に、数日かけて起こる
C数分で発症し、DKAより危険性は低い
D必ず血中ケトンの上昇と重度の代謝性アシドーシスを起こす
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with motor neurone disease reports morning headaches, poor sleep and sleepiness during the day. What do these symptoms suggest?
AWeak breathing at night, so a review for ventilation support
BA side effect of riluzole, which should be stopped straight away by the nurse
CLow mood, which should be treated with an antidepressant first
DNormal tiredness that needs no specific action
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which is a common side effect of opioids, especially when given by epidural or spinal route?
AItching
BHair growth
CIncreased hunger
DRinging in the ears
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
At the end of an operation, the final count shows one swab missing. What should happen?
AClose the wound, as the swab was probably thrown away
BTell the surgeon, search, and X-ray if it is not found
CLet the patient leave and search the theatre later
DRecord the count as correct to avoid a delay
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman is 5 days after birth. She cries often, sleeps poorly when the baby sleeps and feels she is a bad mother. What should the nurse do?
ATell her partner to take over all baby care
BScreen further for depression and self-harm
CAdvise her to stop breastfeeding to rest
DTell her this is the baby blues and will pass
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
A woman with active genital herpes lesions is admitted in early labour with intact membranes. What should the nurse expect?
AA vaginal birth with no special precautions
BRupture of the membranes to speed up labour
CA fetal scalp electrode for close monitoring
DA caesarean birth to reduce the risk of neonatal herpes
21.小児看護ふつう
How should a parent respond to a 2-year-old's temper tantrum in a safe place?
AStay calm, keep the child safe and do not give in to the demand
BSmack the child to show that tantrums are not allowed
CShout loudly at the child to make the tantrum stop sooner
DGive the child the sweet he wants so the tantrum stops
22.小児看護むずかしい
Why does a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis need regular eye examinations?
AEye checks are only needed if the child already wears glasses for short sight
BUveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
CArthritis drugs always cause cataracts within a year
DThe joints of the eye socket are affected by arthritis
23.精神看護ふつう
How may depression present differently in adolescents than in adults?
AWith irritability rather than obvious sadness
BWith a high fever and a rash
CAlways with psychotic symptoms
DWith increased energy and less need for sleep
24.精神看護むずかしい
A 30-year-old who used cocaine an hour ago has crushing chest pain and sweating. What is the priority?
ATreat it as a possible heart attack, with an urgent ECG and medical review
BLet him rest, because the pain will pass when the drug wears off
CReassure him that young people do not have heart problems
DGive him a benzodiazepine for the anxiety and send him home to rest once he feels calmer
Suction removes oxygen as well as secretions. Keeping passes short, oxygenating as needed and watching SpO₂ reduces hypoxia and airway trauma.
答え
B · No more than about 10–15 seconds
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · The heat comes from failed heat loss, not a raised set point
これが答えになる理由
In fever the hypothalamus raises the set point, and antipyretics lower it. In heatstroke the set point is normal but heat cannot be lost, so active cooling is needed.
答え
C · The heat comes from failed heat loss, not a raised set point
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Do not call medicine candy, because the child may take it when no one is watching
これが答えになる理由
Calling medicine candy encourages children to look for it and swallow it, which can lead to poisoning. Parents are taught to call medicine medicine and keep it locked away.
答え
C · Do not call medicine candy, because the child may take it when no one is watching
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · “I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”
これが答えになる理由
TB treatment lasts several months, and stopping when symptoms improve can lead to relapse and drug-resistant TB. Covering coughs and attending follow-up for sputum tests are correct.
答え
B · “I can stop taking the pills once I feel better.”
答え: D · Wait about five minutes between the two drops
これが答えになる理由
Leaving a few minutes between different drops lets each one be absorbed. Gentle pressure on the inner corner of the eye can also reduce systemic absorption.
答え
D · Wait about five minutes between the two drops
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · Not start until a correct identity band is in place and identity is confirmed
これが答えになる理由
Positive patient identification, using an identity band checked against the blood unit and prescription, is essential before every transfusion. Wrong blood incidents can cause fatal ABO incompatibility reactions.
答え
B · Not start until a correct identity band is in place and identity is confirmed
9.検査値と電解質
答え: A · The inflammation is settling with treatment
これが答えになる理由
CRP has a short half-life of about 19 hours, so it falls within days when inflammation is controlled. A falling CRP, together with clinical improvement, supports a response to treatment; a CRP that stays high or rises again needs review.確認に用いた資料:C-reactive protein · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · The inflammation is settling with treatment
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · G6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
これが答えになる理由
G6PD deficiency makes red cells vulnerable to oxidative damage. Fava beans, some drugs (such as primaquine and some sulfonamides) and infections can trigger acute hemolysis, with dark urine, jaundice and anemia. Triggers are avoided.
答え
B · G6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
11.薬理学
答え: D · It is short-acting, and cholesterol synthesis peaks at night
これが答えになる理由
The liver makes most cholesterol overnight, and short-acting statins such as simvastatin work best when taken in the evening. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin can be taken at any time of day.
答え
D · It is short-acting, and cholesterol synthesis peaks at night
12.薬理学
答え: B · Withhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
これが答えになる理由
Amoxicillin is a penicillin, so it must not be given to someone with penicillin anaphylaxis. The nurse holds the dose, informs the prescriber and makes sure the allergy is clearly recorded.
答え
B · Withhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Brown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
これが答えになる理由
High venous pressure causes oedema and leakage of red cells, depositing haemosiderin (brown staining), with venous eczema and lipodermatosclerosis. Pale, shiny, hairless skin suggests arterial disease. Venous ulcers often form above the medial malleolus.
答え
A · Brown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · A 12-lead ECG
これが答えになる理由
After return of spontaneous circulation, a 12-lead ECG looks for STEMI, which needs urgent coronary angiography and PCI. Post-resuscitation care also aims for normal oxygen and CO₂ levels, blood pressure support, glucose control and avoiding fever.
答え: A · Weak breathing at night, so a review for ventilation support
これが答えになる理由
Weak respiratory muscles cause nocturnal hypoventilation and a rise in CO2, leading to morning headaches, disturbed sleep and daytime drowsiness. Non-invasive ventilation can improve symptoms and survival, in line with the patient's wishes.
答え
A · Weak breathing at night, so a review for ventilation support
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Itching
これが答えになる理由
Pruritus is common with neuraxial opioids. Other common effects include nausea, urinary retention, constipation and sedation; respiratory depression is the most serious.
答え
A · Itching
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Tell the surgeon, search, and X-ray if it is not found
これが答えになる理由
Any discrepancy is reported immediately, the wound is checked before closure, the area and waste are searched, and an X-ray is taken if the item is not found. The event is documented and reported.
答え
B · Tell the surgeon, search, and X-ray if it is not found
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Screen further for depression and self-harm
これが答えになる理由
Insomnia even when the baby sleeps and feelings of worthlessness can point to depression. The nurse should screen further, including asking directly about self-harm, and arrange follow-up.
答え
B · Screen further for depression and self-harm
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: D · A caesarean birth to reduce the risk of neonatal herpes
これが答えになる理由
Active genital lesions or prodromal symptoms at the onset of labour are an indication for caesarean birth because neonatal herpes can be severe. Invasive procedures such as scalp electrodes are avoided.
答え
D · A caesarean birth to reduce the risk of neonatal herpes
21.小児看護
答え: A · Stay calm, keep the child safe and do not give in to the demand
これが答えになる理由
Tantrums are normal as toddlers seek autonomy but cannot yet manage frustration. Staying calm, keeping the child safe, ignoring the outburst and giving attention for calm behaviour work best; giving in reinforces tantrums.
答え
A · Stay calm, keep the child safe and do not give in to the demand
22.小児看護
答え: B · Uveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
これが答えになる理由
Children with JIA, especially some subtypes, can develop chronic anterior uveitis that causes no pain or redness at first. Regular slit-lamp screening allows early treatment and prevents vision loss.
答え
B · Uveitis can develop without symptoms and damage vision
23.精神看護
答え: A · With irritability rather than obvious sadness
これが答えになる理由
In children and adolescents, depressed mood can appear as irritability. Other signs include falling school performance, withdrawal from friends, and changes in sleep and appetite.
答え
A · With irritability rather than obvious sadness
24.精神看護
答え: A · Treat it as a possible heart attack, with an urgent ECG and medical review
これが答えになる理由
Cocaine can cause coronary vasospasm, myocardial infarction and arrhythmias, even in young people without heart disease. Chest pain after cocaine use needs urgent cardiac assessment.
答え
A · Treat it as a possible heart attack, with an urgent ECG and medical review
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