What is the main purpose of a wound drain after surgery?
ATo keep the wound edges apart until it heals
BTo measure the temperature inside the wound
CTo remove fluid or blood that could collect and delay healing
DTo give antibiotics directly into the wound until it has fully healed
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
Which postoperative finding should be reported most urgently?
ATemperature 37.4 °C on the first day
BRespiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
CUrine output of 50 mL in the last hour
DPain score of 4/10 at the wound site when moving
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
看護師が電話で口頭指示を受けました。最も安全な実践はどれですか?
A書き留めて、指示者に復唱して確認する
B同僚にも一緒に聞いて覚えてもらう
C記録せずに実施する
D覚えておいて、勤務の終わりに書き留める
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Which action by assistive personnel requires the nurse to step in?
AWashing hands with soap and water after leaving a C. difficile room
BPutting soiled linen straight into a laundry bag at the bedside
CRemoving gloves and then cleaning the hands with alcohol rub
DGoing from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse needs to give report on a patient to a colleague. Which information is the most important to include?
APersonal opinions about the patient’s family members and their visiting habits
BDetails of the nurse’s own break times that shift
CThe patient’s current condition, recent changes and pending tasks
DThe patient’s favorite television programs and hobbies
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with COPD on 2 L/min oxygen becomes drowsy and hard to wake. The SpO₂ is 93%. What is the priority?
AIncrease the oxygen to 6 L/min so that the saturation goes even higher than now
BGive the as-needed sedative so the patient rests comfortably
CLet the patient sleep, because the saturation is above target
DAssess breathing and escalate for a blood gas, as carbon dioxide may be rising
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which ECG change is typical of hypokalaemia?
ATall, peaked T waves
BST elevation in leads II, III and aVF
CA very short PR interval with a delta wave
DFlattened T waves and prominent U waves
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient on metformin with reduced kidney function is due a CT scan with IV contrast. Why might metformin be withheld?
AMetformin causes severe bleeding during scans
BMetformin reacts with the contrast to cause severe hyperglycaemia
CThere is a risk of lactic acidosis if kidney function worsens
DMetformin makes the images blurry
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
When should a blood specimen tube be labeled?
AAt the nurses' station, after all samples for the shift are drawn
BIn the laboratory, by the staff who receive the unlabeled sample
CBefore entering the room, so tubes are ready for the next patients
DAt the bedside, in the patient's presence, using two identifiers
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has fever, confusion, a platelet count of 15 × 10³/µL, anemia with fragmented red cells (schistocytes) and a raised creatinine. Clotting times are normal. Which condition should be suspected?
ADisseminated intravascular coagulation
BThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
CVitamin K deficiency with bleeding
DImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient with suspected sepsis has blood cultures ordered and a first antibiotic dose due. What should the nurse do?
AGive the antibiotic only if the temperature is above 40 °C (104 °F)
BTake the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
CWait for the culture results before giving any antibiotic
DGive the antibiotic first, then take blood cultures the next day
12.薬理学むずかしい
ゲンタマイシンの投与量を血中濃度でモニタリングするのはなぜですか?
A腎毒性と耳毒性があり、治療係数が狭いから
B重い低血糖を起こすから
C非常に高い濃度でしか効かないから
Dすべて肝臓で代謝されるので、肝機能で用量が決まるから
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient with bronchiectasis of the right lower lobe is taught postural drainage. How should they be positioned?
AWith the affected lobe lowest so it fills with mucus
BWith the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
A patient has radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. Which advice is correct?
AStart breastfeeding again the next day
BStay in strict isolation in hospital for several months
CLimit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time
DThere are no precautions, because the dose is tiny
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient taking digoxin has a potassium of 2.9 mmol/L. Why is this especially dangerous?
ALow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
BDigoxin raises the potassium to dangerous levels
CLow potassium makes digoxin leave the body faster
DDigoxin stops working when potassium is low
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which check is routinely made for a patient with a burn wound?
ABlood group of the next of kin
BMeasles vaccination status
CTetanus immunisation status
DVisual acuity in both eyes
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient admitted for an elective general anaesthetic mentions that they ate a slice of toast 3 hours ago. What should the nurse do?
AAsk the patient to try to vomit to empty the stomach
BSay nothing, since toast is a light food
CInform the anaesthetist, as surgery may be delayed
DGive a large drink to wash the food through
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
A woman in preterm labour receives nifedipine. Which side effect should the nurse watch for?
AHigh blood glucose and tremor
BLow blood pressure and headache
CRespiratory depression and absent reflexes
DBradycardia and bronchospasm
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
Which newborn finding should prompt checks for kidney and other anomalies?
AAcrocyanosis in the first hours
BMild moulding of the head
CA single umbilical artery
DMilia on the nose
21.小児看護ふつう
18 か月児の健診で、発達評価のための紹介が必要な所見はどれですか?
A見知らぬ人を怖がる
Bまだ自力で歩いていない
Cほかの子どもと一緒にではなく、そばで遊んでいる
D数個の単語しか話さない
22.小児看護むずかしい
Which long-term problems should be monitored in a child with a repaired cleft palate?
AMiddle ear infections, hearing, speech and teeth
BGrowth hormone levels and puberty timing
CBone density and fracture risk in the teenage years
DKidney function and blood pressure
23.精神看護ふつう
A patient from a culture in which communication with ancestors is common says she sometimes hears her late grandmother giving advice. What is the most appropriate nursing approach?
ARecord it immediately as a command hallucination
BExplore the experience in her cultural context before calling it a symptom
CAvoid asking about it, because culture is not relevant to mental health
答え: C · To remove fluid or blood that could collect and delay healing
これが答えになる理由
Drains let blood, serous fluid or pus escape, preventing collections such as seromas and haematomas. The nurse records the amount and type of drainage.
答え
C · To remove fluid or blood that could collect and delay healing
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Respiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
これが答えになる理由
A low respiratory rate with reduced consciousness may mean opioid toxicity or deterioration and threatens the airway. The other findings are common after surgery and can be managed routinely.
答え: D · Going from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
これが答えになる理由
Gloves must be changed and hand hygiene done between patients, because contaminated gloves spread organisms directly. The other actions are correct infection-control practice.
答え
D · Going from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · The patient’s current condition, recent changes and pending tasks
これが答えになる理由
Effective handover covers the current status, changes, risks and outstanding tasks, often using a structure such as SBAR. Opinions and unrelated details distract from what matters.
答え
C · The patient’s current condition, recent changes and pending tasks
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Assess breathing and escalate for a blood gas, as carbon dioxide may be rising
これが答えになる理由
In COPD, drowsiness can be a sign of carbon dioxide retention (hypercapnia), even when the saturation is acceptable. The nurse assesses breathing, escalates and avoids extra oxygen or sedatives that could worsen it.
答え
D · Assess breathing and escalate for a blood gas, as carbon dioxide may be rising
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Flattened T waves and prominent U waves
これが答えになる理由
Low potassium causes flattened or inverted T waves, ST depression and U waves. It increases the risk of arrhythmias, especially in patients on digoxin.
答え
D · Flattened T waves and prominent U waves
8.臨床看護学
答え: C · There is a risk of lactic acidosis if kidney function worsens
これが答えになる理由
Iodinated contrast can worsen kidney function, and metformin can then accumulate and cause lactic acidosis. Local policy guides when to stop and restart it.
答え
C · There is a risk of lactic acidosis if kidney function worsens
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · At the bedside, in the patient's presence, using two identifiers
これが答えになる理由
Specimens are labeled immediately after collection, at the bedside, after checking two patient identifiers such as name and date of birth. Pre-labeling or labeling away from the patient can put the wrong patient's name on the sample, which can lead to harmful decisions.
答え
D · At the bedside, in the patient's presence, using two identifiers
10.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
これが答えになる理由
TTP causes small clots that consume platelets, break red cells (microangiopathic hemolysis) and damage the brain and kidneys, while clotting times usually stay normal. It is an emergency treated with plasma exchange; platelet transfusion is generally avoided.確認に用いた資料:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
11.薬理学
答え: B · Take the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
これが答えになる理由
Cultures are taken before antibiotics so the organism can be identified, but antibiotics must not be delayed in sepsis. Taking cultures quickly and then giving the antibiotic meets both aims.
答え
B · Take the blood cultures first, then give the antibiotic at once
答え: B · With the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
これが答えになる理由
Postural drainage places the patient so the affected segment is above the main bronchus, letting gravity move secretions towards the larger airways to be coughed up. It is combined with breathing techniques. Head-down positions are avoided in patients with reflux, recent surgery or breathlessness.
答え
B · With the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
答え: C · Limit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time
これが答えになる理由
After radioiodine, patients are advised to limit close and prolonged contact, especially with young children and pregnant women, for a period set by the department. It is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding.
答え
C · Limit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Low potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Digoxin binds to the sodium–potassium pump, and low potassium increases this binding. Hypokalaemia therefore raises the risk of toxicity and arrhythmias, even with a normal digoxin level. The potassium is corrected and the patient monitored.
答え
A · Low potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Tetanus immunisation status
これが答えになる理由
Burns can be contaminated, so tetanus status is checked and a booster or immunoglobulin given if needed, according to guidelines.
答え
C · Tetanus immunisation status
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Inform the anaesthetist, as surgery may be delayed
これが答えになる理由
Solid food is usually stopped 6 hours before anaesthesia because of aspiration risk. The anaesthetist decides whether to delay or change the plan; the nurse reports accurately and does not hide the information.
答え
C · Inform the anaesthetist, as surgery may be delayed
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Low blood pressure and headache
これが答えになる理由
Nifedipine relaxes smooth muscle in vessels as well as the uterus, causing hypotension, flushing, headache and reflex tachycardia. Absent reflexes suggest magnesium toxicity.
答え
B · Low blood pressure and headache
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: C · A single umbilical artery
これが答えになる理由
A two-vessel cord can be associated with renal, cardiac and other anomalies. Milia, moulding and acrocyanosis are normal findings.
答え: A · Middle ear infections, hearing, speech and teeth
これが答えになる理由
Children with cleft palate often have middle ear effusions and hearing loss because of Eustachian tube dysfunction, and may need speech therapy and orthodontic or dental care. A multidisciplinary cleft team follows them through childhood.
答え
A · Middle ear infections, hearing, speech and teeth
23.精神看護
答え: B · Explore the experience in her cultural context before calling it a symptom
これが答えになる理由
A belief or experience that is accepted in the person's culture is not classed as a delusion or hallucination in itself. The nurse explores its meaning, how it is shared by others and whether it causes distress.
答え
B · Explore the experience in her cultural context before calling it a symptom
24.精神看護
答え: A · 声が何を言っているか、従わなければならないと感じているかをさらに尋ね、他の人の安全を確保する
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
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