A patient has just finished a glass of iced water. How should this affect taking an oral temperature?
AUse the reading but only if the patient says they feel warm
BAdd half a degree to the reading to correct for the drink
CTake it straight away, as cold drinks do not affect the mouth
DWait about 15–30 minutes, as the reading may be falsely low
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
病棟の患者が急に反応しなくなり、普段どおりの呼吸をしていません。最初の行動は?
A血圧を測る
Bまず血糖を確認する
C助けを呼び、心肺蘇生を始める
D患者を横向きにして観察する
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with diabetes will use lancets and insulin needles at home. Which teaching about disposal is correct?
APut them loose in the household trash bag, as long as the bag is tied shut
BRecap each needle with two hands before putting it in the kitchen trash
CPut them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
DFlush the used lancets and needles down the toilet
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A hospital will introduce new infusion pumps and wants to find out how the process could fail before any harm occurs. Which method fits best?
AFailure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
BRoot cause analysis (RCA) of the new pumps
CA morbidity and mortality meeting
DAn incident report for each new pump
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse teaches a patient with COPD pursed-lip breathing. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
B“I will breathe in slowly through my nose.”
C“I will breathe out slowly through pursed lips.”
D“I will make my breath out about twice as long as my breath in.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A 2-month-old infant has a spiral fracture of the femur. The parents say the baby rolled off the sofa. What should the nurse recognize?
AThe injury does not fit the infant’s development, so possible abuse must be reported
BNo further action is needed once the fracture is treated
CA spiral fracture in an infant is always caused by birth trauma
DInfants of this age often roll off furniture and break bones in this way
7.臨床看護学ふつう
敗血症が疑われる患者で血清乳酸値を測るのはなぜですか?
A尿路感染症があるかどうかがわかるから
B乳酸値の上昇は組織灌流の低下とリスクの高さを示すから
Cどの抗菌薬を投与すべきかを確定できるから
D患者の血糖を測れるから
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
勤務の始めに、病棟看護師が最初に評価すべき患者は?
Aバイタルサインが安定していて退院を待っている患者
B下剤を求めている患者
C新たに混乱が出現し、呼吸数が 28 回/分の患者
D慢性腰痛で痛みが 4/10 の患者
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has weight loss, tremor and heat intolerance. Which thyroid test pattern fits Graves disease?
ANormal TSH with a low free T4
BHigh TSH with a low free T4
CLow TSH with a high free T4
DHigh TSH with a normal free T4
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A trauma patient receives many units of blood quickly and then develops muscle twitching and low blood pressure. Which laboratory value is most likely to explain this?
AA low serum glucose
BA high serum magnesium
CA high serum sodium
DA low ionized calcium
11.薬理学ふつう
A patient given haloperidol develops a sudden painful twisting of the neck and the eyes roll upward. Which drug is usually given?
AAn anticholinergic such as benzatropine (benztropine)
BA second dose of haloperidol
CDantrolene by mouth to relax the twisted neck muscles
DNaloxone
12.薬理学むずかしい
Morphine 4 mg IV is ordered. The ampoule contains 10 mg/mL. What volume should be drawn up?
A4 mL
B0.04 mL
C2.5 mL
D0.4 mL
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?
AAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
BA sharp drop in potassium after each dose
CHearing loss after every dose
DAn increased risk of pneumonia
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
The monitor of a patient with a permanent pacemaker shows pacing spikes, but none of them is followed by a QRS complex. What does this mean?
AAtrial fibrillation
BNormal pacemaker function
CFailure to capture
DFailure to sense
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which statement about giving IV potassium is correct?
AIt is safest given through a small vein in the hand at a fast rate
BIt is diluted and given through an infusion pump, never as a bolus
CIt can be given quickly as a push to correct the level fast
DIt needs no monitoring at all once the infusion is running
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
At bedtime, a patient was given their rapid-acting insulin by mistake instead of their long-acting insulin. What should the nurse do?
AGive glucagon now, before the glucose has fallen
BGive the long-acting dose as well and check glucose at breakfast
CTell the prescriber and check glucose often overnight
DSay nothing, because the patient is asleep and seems fine
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why is pethidine (meperidine) generally avoided for regular pain relief?
A newborn in the first hours sneezes, has a high-pitched cry, tremors and loose stools. The mother took opioids throughout pregnancy. Which intervention is most appropriate first?
AA quiet, dim room, swaddling and small, frequent feeds
BWithholding feeds until the symptoms settle
CBright lights and frequent handling to keep the baby awake
DGiving naloxone to reverse the opioids
21.小児看護ふつう
子どもを FLACC スケールで採点しました。合計点の範囲はどれですか?
A0~10
B0~100
C1~20
D0~5
22.小児看護むずかしい
A 2-week-old suddenly starts vomiting bright green fluid. What should the nurse do?
AChange to a lactose-free formula
BAdvise smaller, more frequent feeds and review the baby in a week
CReassure the parents that this is normal reflux
DTreat it as a surgical emergency and get urgent medical review
答え: C · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
これが答えになる理由
Home sharps go into a puncture-resistant container, such as an approved sharps container or a rigid plastic bottle if local rules allow, which is closed and disposed of according to local guidance.
答え
C · Put them in a puncture-resistant container with a lid and follow local disposal rules
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
これが答えになる理由
FMEA is a proactive method that looks at each step of a process, asks how it could fail and what the effect would be, and changes the process in advance. Root cause analysis is used after an event has happened.
答え
A · Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · “I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
これが答えになる理由
Pursed-lip breathing means breathing in through the nose and out slowly through pursed lips, making exhalation longer. This keeps airways open and reduces air trapping.
答え
A · “I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · The injury does not fit the infant’s development, so possible abuse must be reported
これが答えになる理由
Most 2-month-olds cannot roll, and a spiral fracture in a non-mobile infant suggests a twisting force. Nurses must report suspected abuse according to law and policy.
答え
A · The injury does not fit the infant’s development, so possible abuse must be reported
In Graves disease, antibodies stimulate the thyroid to make too much hormone. The high free T4 suppresses TSH from the pituitary through negative feedback, so TSH is low. A high TSH with a low T4 fits primary hypothyroidism.確認に用いた資料:TSH test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Thyroxine (T4) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024); Graves disease · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
C · Low TSH with a high free T4
10.検査値と電解質
答え: D · A low ionized calcium
これが答えになる理由
Stored blood contains citrate, which binds calcium. During massive transfusion, citrate can lower ionized calcium, causing tetany, hypotension and arrhythmias. Ionized calcium is monitored and replaced as prescribed.
答え
D · A low ionized calcium
11.薬理学
答え: A · An anticholinergic such as benzatropine (benztropine)
これが答えになる理由
Acute dystonia is caused by dopamine blockade, which leaves acetylcholine activity relatively high. An IM or IV anticholinergic usually relieves it within minutes.
答え
A · An anticholinergic such as benzatropine (benztropine)
12.薬理学
答え: D · 0.4 mL
これが答えになる理由
4 mg ÷ 10 mg/mL = 0.4 mL. The unused remainder of a controlled drug is discarded with a witness.
答え
D · 0.4 mL
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · An increased risk of pneumonia
これが答えになる理由
In COPD, inhaled corticosteroids increase the risk of pneumonia. They are used where there are frequent exacerbations or features of asthma, and their benefit is weighed against this risk. Signs of pneumonia should be reported promptly.
答え
D · An increased risk of pneumonia
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Failure to capture
これが答えになる理由
Failure to capture means the pacing stimulus does not depolarise the myocardium, so no QRS follows the spike. Causes include lead displacement, a raised threshold or battery problems. It can cause bradycardia or asystole, so the patient is assessed and the team informed urgently.
答え
C · Failure to capture
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · It is diluted and given through an infusion pump, never as a bolus
これが答えになる理由
Concentrated potassium given quickly can cause fatal arrhythmias. IV potassium is given in a diluted, ready-made solution through an infusion pump at a controlled rate, with monitoring of potassium and, at higher rates, the ECG.
答え
B · It is diluted and given through an infusion pump, never as a bolus
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: C · Tell the prescriber and check glucose often overnight
これが答えになる理由
Rapid-acting insulin without a meal can cause hypoglycaemia. The nurse informs the prescriber, monitors glucose closely, offers carbohydrate, follows advice about the missed basal dose and reports the incident.
答え
C · Tell the prescriber and check glucose often overnight
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · A metabolite can build up and cause seizures
これが答えになる理由
Pethidine's metabolite norpethidine accumulates with repeated doses or kidney impairment and can cause agitation, tremor and seizures. Other opioids are preferred.
答え: A · A quiet, dim room, swaddling and small, frequent feeds
これが答えになる理由
Neonatal abstinence (withdrawal) is managed first with non-drug care: low stimulation, swaddling, skin-to-skin, responsive feeding and rooming-in. Medication is added if scores stay high. Naloxone can precipitate seizures.
答え
A · A quiet, dim room, swaddling and small, frequent feeds
答え: D · Treat it as a surgical emergency and get urgent medical review
これが答えになる理由
Bilious vomiting in a newborn suggests bowel obstruction, such as malrotation with volvulus, which can cut off the blood supply to the gut within hours. It needs immediate surgical assessment.
答え
D · Treat it as a surgical emergency and get urgent medical review
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
体重 (kg)
180.4/2.2 = 82 kg
投与量
0.5·82 = 41 mg
体積
V = (41/250)·5 = 0.82 mL
答え
V = 0.82 mL
29.点滴速度
答え: V = 400 mL
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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