Teaching a patient how to inject insulin mainly involves which domain of learning?
AAffective
BCognitive
CPsychomotor
DSpiritual
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient going home on warfarin has been taught about the drug. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll try to keep the amount of green vegetables I eat steady."
B"I'll stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
C"I'll keep my appointments for blood tests."
D"I'll report any blood in my urine or black stools."
3.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has botulism after eating contaminated food. Which precautions are needed?
AContact precautions
BStandard precautions
CDroplet precautions
DAirborne precautions
4.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient’s white cell differential shows a raised eosinophil count. Which cause is most consistent with this finding?
AAn allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
BBone marrow suppression from chemotherapy
CAn acute bacterial infection
DA viral infection such as a cold
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
バイタルサインが正常な安定した成人が、手の切り傷で縫合が必要ですが、ほかには何も必要ありません。どの ESI レベルが当てはまりますか?
Aレベル 3
Bレベル 2
Cレベル 4
Dレベル 5
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with severe sepsis starts oozing blood from IV sites and the gums, and bruises appear on the skin. What should the nurse suspect?
ADisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
BVitamin C deficiency
CAn allergic reaction to the adhesive tape
DNormal bruising from blood tests
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with anaphylaxis is hypotensive but has no breathing difficulty. How should they be positioned?
ASitting upright with the legs dangling
BLying face down
CLying flat, with the legs raised
DStanding up and walking around
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
During a blood transfusion, an older patient with heart failure becomes breathless with a rising blood pressure, raised JVP and crackles in the lungs. What is the most likely cause?
AAnaphylaxis
BTransfusion-associated circulatory overload
CTransfusion-related acute lung injury with hypotension
DA febrile non-haemolytic reaction
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient on a heparin infusion has blood in the urine and an aPTT far above the target. The nurse stops the infusion and informs the provider. Which antidote should the nurse anticipate?
AProtamine sulfate
BVitamin K (phytonadione)
CNaloxone
DCalcium gluconate
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on digoxin has a calcium of 12.1 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) and new nausea and a slow pulse. Why is the calcium result important?
AHigh calcium makes the kidneys clear digoxin faster
BHigh calcium blocks digoxin, so the drug stops working
CHigh calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
DHigh calcium only matters if the potassium is also high
11.薬理学ふつう
ヘンレ係蹄の太い上行脚に作用する利尿薬は?
Aカリウム保持性利尿薬
Bチアジド系利尿薬
C浸透圧利尿薬
Dフロセミドなどのループ利尿薬
12.薬理学むずかしい
An older patient who has taken omeprazole for many years has muscle cramps, tremor and an irregular heartbeat. Which lab finding is most likely linked to the drug?
ALow serum magnesium
BLow serum glucose
CHigh serum sodium
DHigh serum calcium
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?
AMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
BBoth types need no medicines after surgery
CBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
DMechanical valves wear out within one year
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
Four hours after cardiac surgery, the mediastinal drain, which had been draining steadily, suddenly stops. BP falls to 84/60 mmHg, the heart rate rises and the CVP climbs. What should the nurse suspect?
ANormal recovery, as the bleeding has stopped
BA tension pneumothorax on the left side
CFluid overload from intravenous fluids
DCardiac tamponade from a clotted drain
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?
AA diet very high in caffeine for energy
BA strict low-protein diet
CA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
DA high-calorie diet with enough protein
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?
ALower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
BGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
CStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs
DContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which risk is particularly linked with tramadol?
ASevere stomach ulcers in all patients
BRapid liver failure at normal doses
CSerotonin syndrome with some antidepressants, and seizures
DHigh blood pressure that needs emergency treatment in most patients
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Which preoperative blood result should the nurse report to the team before elective surgery?
APotassium 2.9 mmol/L
BFasting glucose 5.4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)
CSodium 139 mmol/L
DHaemoglobin 138 g/L (13.8 g/dL) in a man
19.母性看護・産科看護ふつう
Why is mild anaemia common in the second trimester even in healthy women?
AIron is lost in the urine because kidney filtration rises
BPlasma volume rises more than red cell mass
CThe bone marrow stops producing red cells during pregnancy
DThe fetus breaks down maternal red blood cells
20.母性看護・産科看護むずかしい
Which newborn finding should prompt checks for kidney and other anomalies?
The psychomotor domain covers physical skills, the cognitive domain covers knowledge and the affective domain covers attitudes and feelings. Skills are learned by demonstration and practice.
答え
C · Psychomotor
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · "I'll stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
これが答えになる理由
Vitamin K in green vegetables opposes warfarin, so a stable intake keeps the INR steady. Cutting them out suddenly can make the INR rise; bleeding signs and blood tests are correct points.
答え
B · "I'll stop eating all green vegetables from now on."
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Standard precautions
これが答えになる理由
Botulism is caused by a toxin and does not spread from person to person, so standard precautions are used. Suspected cases are reported to public health at once.
答え
B · Standard precautions
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
これが答えになる理由
Eosinophils rise in allergic conditions such as asthma and drug reactions and in parasitic infections. Acute bacterial infection mainly raises neutrophils, and viral infection often raises lymphocytes.
答え: A · Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
これが答えになる理由
In DIC, widespread clotting uses up platelets and clotting factors, causing bleeding from many sites. It is a serious complication of sepsis that needs urgent escalation.
答え
A · Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Lying flat, with the legs raised
これが答えになる理由
Lying flat with the legs raised supports circulation in anaphylactic shock. Patients with breathing difficulty may prefer to sit up, but should not stand or walk, as this can cause collapse.
答え
C · Lying flat, with the legs raised
8.臨床看護学
答え: B · Transfusion-associated circulatory overload
これが答えになる理由
TACO causes pulmonary oedema with hypertension and raised venous pressure, especially in older people and those with heart or kidney disease. TRALI usually presents with hypotension and no fluid overload signs.
答え: C · High calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
これが答えになる理由
Hypercalcemia, like hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, makes the heart more sensitive to digoxin and raises the risk of toxic arrhythmias. Nausea and bradycardia suggest toxicity, so the nurse holds the dose and reports the findings.
答え
C · High calcium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
11.薬理学
答え: D · フロセミドなどのループ利尿薬
これが答えになる理由
ループ利尿薬は太い上行脚の Na⁺/K⁺/2Cl⁻ 共輸送体を遮断し、最も強力な利尿薬です。
答え
D · フロセミドなどのループ利尿薬
12.薬理学
答え: A · Low serum magnesium
これが答えになる理由
Long-term PPI use can cause hypomagnesaemia, which leads to cramps, tremor and arrhythmias. Other long-term risks include fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency and C. difficile infection.
答え
A · Low serum magnesium
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Mechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
これが答えになる理由
Mechanical valves are very durable but are thrombogenic, so lifelong warfarin is needed. Biological (tissue) valves usually do not need long-term anticoagulation but wear out over time and may need replacement. Age, lifestyle and bleeding risk guide the choice.
答え
A · Mechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Cardiac tamponade from a clotted drain
これが答えになる理由
A sudden stop in drainage with falling blood pressure, tachycardia and rising venous pressure suggests blood is collecting around the heart because the drain is blocked. Tamponade after cardiac surgery is an emergency: the surgeon is called at once and the chest may need to be reopened.
答え
D · Cardiac tamponade from a clotted drain
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: D · A high-calorie diet with enough protein
これが答えになる理由
Excess thyroid hormone raises metabolism, so patients need more calories and protein to prevent weight loss. Caffeine is limited because it worsens palpitations, tremor and anxiety.
答え
D · A high-calorie diet with enough protein
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
これが答えになる理由
Loss of sympathetic tone causes orthostatic hypotension after high spinal injuries. The patient is reclined, and later raised gradually, often with compression stockings, an abdominal binder and sometimes medicines.
答え
A · Lower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
17.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: C · Serotonin syndrome with some antidepressants, and seizures
これが答えになる理由
Tramadol is a weak opioid that also inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake. It can lower the seizure threshold and cause serotonin syndrome with SSRIs and other serotonergic drugs.
答え
C · Serotonin syndrome with some antidepressants, and seizures
18.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · Potassium 2.9 mmol/L
これが答えになる理由
Normal potassium is about 3.5–5.0 mmol/L. Hypokalaemia increases the risk of arrhythmias during anaesthesia and needs correction before elective surgery. The other results are within normal ranges.
答え
A · Potassium 2.9 mmol/L
19.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · Plasma volume rises more than red cell mass
これが答えになる理由
Plasma volume increases more than red cell mass, so haemoglobin concentration falls (physiological or dilutional anaemia). Iron deficiency can add to this and should still be checked.
答え
B · Plasma volume rises more than red cell mass
20.母性看護・産科看護
答え: B · A single umbilical artery
これが答えになる理由
A two-vessel cord can be associated with renal, cardiac and other anomalies. Milia, moulding and acrocyanosis are normal findings.
答え: B · "I'll put a spoon in his mouth so he doesn't bite or swallow his tongue."
これが答えになる理由
Putting objects in the mouth can break teeth, injure the mouth or block the airway; the tongue cannot be swallowed. Timing the seizure, protecting from injury and placing the child on the side afterwards are correct.
答え
B · "I'll put a spoon in his mouth so he doesn't bite or swallow his tongue."
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