A nurse notices that the pharmacy has sent the wrong dose and corrects it before giving it. Should the event be reported?
AYes, near misses are reported so system weaknesses can be fixed
BNo, because reporting near misses only blames the pharmacy staff for nothing
CNo, because the patient was not harmed
DOnly if the same error happens three times
5.優先順位の決定と委任ふつう
A nurse teaches a patient about levothyroxine. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will keep taking it even when I feel well.”
B“I will take it at the same time each morning.”
C“I will take it at breakfast with my calcium tablet.”
D“I will take it on an empty stomach with a glass of water.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with diabetes is sweaty and confused, and no glucose meter is available. The patient can swallow. What should the nurse do?
ATreat for hypoglycemia with fast-acting oral carbohydrate
BGive a dose of rapid-acting insulin in case the glucose is high
CWithhold all food and fluids until a meter is found
DAsk the patient to lie down and sleep it off
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Why is an ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) measured before applying compression bandages to a leg ulcer?
ATo exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
BTo check for a urinary tract infection that could delay ulcer healing
CTo measure how deep the ulcer is and how much exudate it produces
DTo work out the patient's fluid needs
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
体表面積 30% の熱傷患者が入院しました。最初の 24 時間で最も懸念される早期合併症は?
A瘢痕と拘縮
B体液喪失による循環血液量減少性ショック
C便秘
D長期の不動による褥瘡
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
When do the blood counts usually reach their lowest point (nadir) after many standard chemotherapy regimens?
AAbout 7–14 days after treatment
BWithin 1–2 hours of treatment
COn the same day as treatment
DAbout 6 months after treatment
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
SIADH に合致する結果のパターンはどれですか?
A血清ナトリウムの低下、血清浸透圧の上昇、薄い尿
B血清ナトリウムの低下、血清浸透圧の低下、濃縮した尿
Cナトリウムは正常で、非常に薄い尿
D血清ナトリウムの上昇、血清浸透圧の上昇、非常に薄い尿
11.薬理学ふつう
Which teaching about zolpidem is correct?
ADrive soon after waking, as the drug has no next-day effect
BTake it in the morning so that it is out of the system by night
CTake it with alcohol to make it act faster
DTake it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
12.薬理学むずかしい
アミオダロンの長期治療に特徴的な副作用の組み合わせはどれですか?
A耳毒性と腎毒性
B歯肉増殖と多毛
C空咳と血管浮腫
D甲状腺機能異常と肺線維症
13.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器ふつう
Which investigation is most often used to confirm a pulmonary embolism?
APeak flow measurement
BAbdominal ultrasound
CCT pulmonary angiography
DSputum culture
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with life-threatening asthma has not responded to repeated nebulised salbutamol (albuterol), ipratropium and steroids. Which drug is commonly given intravenously next?
AMagnesium sulfate
BMetoprolol
CIntravenous furosemide
DMorphine
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
A patient with CKD is booked for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which measure helps protect the kidneys?
ADoubling the dose of contrast for a clearer image
BGood hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
CRestricting all fluids for 24 hours before the scan
DGiving a dose of ibuprofen before the scan
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient with diabetes insipidus after head trauma needs hourly urine output measurement. Which task can be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?
AAssessing the patient's level of consciousness
BMeasuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount
CDeciding whether to give the next desmopressin dose
答え: A · Press over a bony area such as the shin for a few seconds and look for a dent
これが答えになる理由
Pressing over a bony surface pushes fluid out of the tissue; a dent that stays shows pitting oedema. Its depth and how long it lasts are recorded.
答え
A · Press over a bony area such as the shin for a few seconds and look for a dent
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · The respiratory rate and level of sedation
これが答えになる理由
Opioids can cause sedation and respiratory depression. Checking breathing and alertness before each dose, as well as the pain score, keeps the patient safe.
答え
B · The respiratory rate and level of sedation
3.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · 塩素系溶液などの殺芽胞剤
これが答えになる理由
C. difficile の芽胞はアルコールや多くの一般的な消毒薬に抵抗するため、環境や器具には塩素系製剤などの殺芽胞剤を用います。
答え
D · 塩素系溶液などの殺芽胞剤
4.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Yes, near misses are reported so system weaknesses can be fixed
これが答えになる理由
Near misses show where errors can slip through and are reported in the same way as errors that reach the patient. Learning from them prevents future harm.
答え
A · Yes, near misses are reported so system weaknesses can be fixed
5.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · “I will take it at breakfast with my calcium tablet.”
これが答えになる理由
Levothyroxine is best absorbed on an empty stomach and is separated from calcium and iron by several hours. It is usually lifelong, so it is not stopped when the patient feels better.
答え
C · “I will take it at breakfast with my calcium tablet.”
6.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Treat for hypoglycemia with fast-acting oral carbohydrate
これが答えになる理由
When in doubt, treat as hypoglycemia. A little sugar will not harm a patient with high glucose, but untreated hypoglycemia can cause brain injury within minutes, and insulin could be fatal.
答え
A · Treat for hypoglycemia with fast-acting oral carbohydrate
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
これが答えになる理由
ABPI compares ankle and arm blood pressures. A low result suggests arterial insufficiency, where compression could cause ischaemia; venous ulcers with adequate arterial supply are treated with compression.
答え
A · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
Chemotherapy damages dividing marrow cells, but mature neutrophils and platelets already in the blood survive for a while, so counts usually fall to a nadir about 7–14 days later, depending on the drug. Infection and bleeding risks are highest then.
答え: D · Take it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
これが答えになる理由
Zolpidem can cause next-day impairment and complex sleep behaviours such as sleep-walking or sleep-driving. Alcohol and other sedatives increase these risks.
答え
D · Take it right before bed, only if you can sleep a full night
CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) shows filling defects in the pulmonary arteries. It uses iodinated contrast, so renal function and contrast allergy are checked. A ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative, for example in pregnancy or renal impairment.
答え
C · CT pulmonary angiography
14.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: A · Magnesium sulfate
これが答えになる理由
A single dose of IV magnesium sulfate is recommended in acute severe or life-threatening asthma that does not respond to initial treatment. Senior and critical care help is called early. Sedatives and beta-blockers are dangerous in acute asthma.
答え
A · Magnesium sulfate
15.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Good hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
これが答えになる理由
Iodinated contrast can contribute to AKI in at-risk patients. Good hydration, using the lowest dose needed, avoiding nephrotoxic drugs and checking kidney function afterwards help reduce the risk.
答え
B · Good hydration around the scan, often with IV fluids
16.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Measuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount
これが答えになる理由
Measuring and recording urine output with clear instructions on when to report is suitable for a trained assistant. Medication decisions, neurological assessment and interpreting results stay with the registered nurse.
答え
B · Measuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount
Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analogue, commonly causes shivering and a raised temperature, as well as nausea and diarrhoea. It is useful where other uterotonics are not available.
答え: B · Hold the child upright on a parent's lap and use distraction, such as blowing bubbles
これが答えになる理由
Upright comfort positions with a parent and distraction reduce fear and pain. Honest, simple explanations build trust; saying it won't hurt or making a reward depend on not crying increases distress.
答え
B · Hold the child upright on a parent's lap and use distraction, such as blowing bubbles
22.小児看護
答え: A · To prevent new strep infections that could cause further attacks and more valve damage
これが答えになる理由
Recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever follow new group A streptococcal infections and worsen rheumatic heart disease. Long-term secondary prophylaxis with penicillin prevents these infections; it does not reverse existing damage.
答え
A · To prevent new strep infections that could cause further attacks and more valve damage
23.精神看護
答え: C · Understand, retain and weigh the information, or communicate their decision
これが答えになる理由
The Act's functional test asks whether the person can understand, retain, use or weigh the information, and communicate a decision. Making an unwise decision does not by itself mean a person lacks capacity.
答え
C · Understand, retain and weigh the information, or communicate their decision
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
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