What is the correct order of techniques when assessing the abdomen?
AInspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
BAuscultation, palpation, inspection, percussion
CInspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
DPalpation, inspection, auscultation, percussion
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A patient with capacity tells the nurse they do not want the operation their family keeps pushing for. What is the nurse's best action?
ASupport the patient to tell the team their wishes
BSay nothing to avoid a conflict with the family
CTell the patient to follow the family's advice
DLet the family decide, as they know the patient best
3.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient on haemodialysis has an arteriovenous fistula in the left arm. Which nursing care is correct?
AKeep the arm raised and still at all times
BApply a tight bandage over the fistula at night to protect it
CAvoid blood pressure readings and blood samples on that arm
DUse the fistula arm for routine IV cannulas
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with poorly controlled hyperthyroidism develops a high fever, very fast heart rate, agitation and vomiting during an infection. What is likely?
答え: C · Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
これが答えになる理由
In the abdomen the nurse listens before touching, because percussion and palpation can change bowel sounds. In other body systems palpation and percussion come before auscultation.
答え
C · Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Support the patient to tell the team their wishes
これが答えになる理由
As an advocate the nurse makes sure the patient's own wishes are heard. A competent adult decides about their treatment, and the family's views do not override this.
答え
A · Support the patient to tell the team their wishes
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Avoid blood pressure readings and blood samples on that arm
これが答えになる理由
The fistula arm is protected from pressure, cannulas and blood tests to prevent damage and clotting. Nurses check for a palpable thrill and audible bruit, which show it is working.
答え
C · Avoid blood pressure readings and blood samples on that arm
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Thyroid storm
これが答えになる理由
Thyroid storm is a life-threatening worsening of hyperthyroidism, often triggered by infection or surgery. It needs urgent treatment with cooling, beta-blockade and antithyroid drugs.
答え: B · “I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
これが答えになる理由
Salt causes fluid retention and can worsen heart failure. Daily weights, reporting rapid weight gain and taking diuretics in the morning are all correct.
答え
B · “I add extra salt to my food so it tastes better.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · That the child is passing urine
これが答えになる理由
Potassium is not added to IV fluids until the child is passing urine, because poor kidney function can let potassium build up to dangerous levels.
答え: C · The person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
これが答えになる理由
Under the Universal Protocol, the site is marked by the person performing the procedure, or an authorized delegate, ideally while the patient is awake and can confirm it. This helps prevent wrong-site surgery.
答え
C · The person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Crackles, hypertension and a raised BNP
これが答えになる理由
TACO is fluid overload, often in older adults or those with heart or kidney disease. It causes dyspnea, crackles, hypertension, distended neck veins and a raised BNP. The transfusion is stopped, the patient is sat up and diuretics may be prescribed.