A parent of a child with influenza talks with the nurse. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will give my child plenty of fluids.”
B“I will give my child aspirin to bring the fever down.”
C“I will call if my child has trouble breathing.”
D“I will keep my child home from school and away from others while unwell.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
看護助手に委任せず、RN が自ら行うのが最も適切な業務はどれですか?
A患者の口腔ケアを手伝うこと
B手術後 3 日目の安定した患者を、廊下で歩かせること
C手術後、初めて患者をベッドから起こすこと
D心不全の患者の体重を毎朝測定すること
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with a fentanyl skin patch wants to use a heating pad on the area. What should the nurse teach?
AAvoid heat on or near the patch, because it increases how fast the drug is absorbed
BHeat only matters if the patch is on the chest
CHeat makes the patch last longer, so fewer patches are needed each month
DHeat is fine to use, because it helps the patch stick better to the skin
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches parents about firearm safety at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“We keep all the ammunition locked away separately from the gun.”
B“We store the gun unloaded in a locked safe in the bedroom.”
C“We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”
D“We will ask other parents about guns before play dates.”
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
カリウムを細胞内に移動させて、血清カリウムを下げる治療はどれですか?
Aブドウ糖とともに静脈内投与する速効型(レギュラー)インスリン
B0.45 % 塩化ナトリウムの静脈内点滴
C経口の塩化カリウム補充
D10 分かけて静脈内投与するグルコン酸カルシウム
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1.4 to 2.0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?
AIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function
BReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
CRestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast
DGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast
答え: B · The result may be falsely high and the test should be repeated
これが答えになる理由
Red cells contain a lot of potassium, so haemolysis during collection can falsely raise the result. The sample is repeated, with the patient assessed in the meantime.
答え
B · The result may be falsely high and the test should be repeated
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Take it with plain water on an empty stomach and stay upright for 30 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Alendronic acid must be taken with plain water before food, and the patient must stay upright to reduce oesophageal irritation. Food, milk and antacids reduce absorption.
答え
B · Take it with plain water on an empty stomach and stay upright for 30 minutes
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · APTT for heparin and INR for warfarin
これが答えになる理由
The APTT reflects the intrinsic pathway and is used to adjust heparin infusions. Warfarin is monitored by the INR, a standardised prothrombin time. Platelets are also checked on heparin to detect HIT.
答え: B · “I will give my child aspirin to bring the fever down.”
これが答えになる理由
Aspirin in children with viral illnesses such as influenza or chickenpox is linked to Reye syndrome. Fluids, rest at home and reporting breathing trouble are correct.
答え
B · “I will give my child aspirin to bring the fever down.”
答え: A · Avoid heat on or near the patch, because it increases how fast the drug is absorbed
これが答えになる理由
Heat from heating pads, electric blankets, hot tubs or fever increases fentanyl absorption and can cause an overdose. Patients are taught to avoid heat over the patch.
答え
A · Avoid heat on or near the patch, because it increases how fast the drug is absorbed
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · “We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”
これが答えになる理由
Firearms in homes with children should be stored unloaded and locked, with ammunition stored separately and locked. Telling children not to touch a gun does not reliably prevent injuries.
答え
C · “We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”
答え: B · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
これが答えになる理由
A creatinine rise of 0.3 mg/dL or more within 48 hours meets the criteria for AKI, and contrast is a recognized risk factor, especially in CKD and diabetes. The nurse reports it, monitors fluid balance and holds metformin until kidney function is reviewed, as metformin can accumulate.
答え
B · Report it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed