Which patient is most suitable for the nurse to assign to a nurse who has just finished orientation?
AA patient with sepsis whose blood pressure is falling
BA patient with a new tracheostomy who needs frequent suctioning
CA patient with stable cellulitis on scheduled IV antibiotics
DA patient on a continuous heparin infusion with rising aPTT values
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An RN has five patients and a nursing assistant. One patient has just become short of breath. Which task should the RN delegate so that the RN can go to that patient?
AGiving the breathless patient’s IV furosemide
BAssessing the breathless patient’s lung sounds
CMorning vital signs on the four stable patients
DExplaining the new diagnosis to the breathless patient’s family
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
身体抑制の使用について正しい記述はどれですか?
A病棟の看護師が不足しているときはいつでも使用してよい
B抑制は各勤務の終わりに一度確認すればよい
Cまず代替手段を試み、期限付きの指示が必要である
D必要時の包括的な抑制指示は望ましい実践である
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Several patients arrive with suspected inhalational anthrax after a deliberate release. Which precautions are needed for their care?
AContact precautions with gowns and gloves
BDroplet precautions with surgical masks
CStandard precautions, because it is not spread from person to person
DAirborne precautions in negative-pressure rooms, because spores are inhaled
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient starts lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor). Which laboratory values should the nurse expect to be monitored?
APotassium and creatinine
BTSH and free T4
CCalcium and phosphate
DALT and bilirubin
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with long-term heavy alcohol use is admitted with alcohol withdrawal. Which group of electrolyte problems is most common?
ALow magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium
BHigh sodium, high calcium and high glucose
CLow chloride, high bicarbonate and high calcium
DHigh magnesium, high phosphate and high potassium
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · Their sense of thirst is often reduced
これが答えになる理由
Ageing blunts thirst and reduces body water and the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine. Older patients often need to be offered and helped with drinks.
答え
C · Their sense of thirst is often reduced
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Stop suctioning and give oxygen until the patient recovers
これが答えになる理由
Suction removes oxygen and can stimulate the vagus nerve, causing hypoxia and bradycardia. The nurse stops, oxygenates and lets the patient recover before trying again.
答え
C · Stop suctioning and give oxygen until the patient recovers
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Attacks of symptoms, such as visual loss or numbness, that improve between relapses
これが答えになる理由
MS causes demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. Many patients first have attacks such as optic neuritis or sensory symptoms, with partial or full recovery between relapses.
答え
A · Attacks of symptoms, such as visual loss or numbness, that improve between relapses
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Diabetes insipidus
これが答えになる理由
Cranial diabetes insipidus is a lack of ADH, so the kidneys cannot concentrate urine. Water loss raises sodium; strict fluid balance and replacement are needed.
答え: C · A patient with stable cellulitis on scheduled IV antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
A newly oriented nurse is best given stable patients with predictable care. The other patients have changing or high-risk conditions that need more experience and close monitoring.
答え
C · A patient with stable cellulitis on scheduled IV antibiotics
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Morning vital signs on the four stable patients
これが答えになる理由
Routine vital signs on stable patients can be delegated, freeing the RN to assess and treat the unstable patient. Assessment, IV medication and explaining a new diagnosis stay with the RN.
答え
C · Morning vital signs on the four stable patients
答え: C · Standard precautions, because it is not spread from person to person
これが答えになる理由
Inhalational anthrax is caught by breathing in spores from the environment and does not spread from person to person, so standard precautions are enough. Decontamination may still be needed for people with spores on their skin or clothing.
答え
C · Standard precautions, because it is not spread from person to person
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Potassium and creatinine
これが答えになる理由
ACE inhibitors reduce aldosterone, so potassium can rise, and they lower the filtration pressure in the kidney, so creatinine can rise. Both are checked before and soon after starting or increasing the dose.
答え
A · Potassium and creatinine
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Low magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium
これが答えになる理由
Poor diet, vomiting, diarrhea and alcohol's effect on the kidneys commonly cause low magnesium, phosphate and potassium. These worsen arrhythmia and seizure risk, so they are checked and replaced, together with thiamine.
答え
A · Low magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium