A patient has a tonic-clonic seizure in bed. What should the nurse do first?
AHold the arms and legs down firmly to stop the jerking movements quickly
BGive a drink of water to help the patient wake
CPlace a tongue depressor between the teeth
DProtect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
腎臓内科病棟で、看護師が最初に診るべき患者はどれですか?
A動静脈シャントに、強いスリルと血管雑音がある患者
B腹膜透析を受けていて、排液が透明な患者
C血液透析を受けていて、昨日のセッションを欠席し、今は筋力低下と不整脈がある患者
D低リン食についての助言を求めている患者
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
身体抑制の使用について正しい記述はどれですか?
A必要時の包括的な抑制指示は望ましい実践である
B病棟の看護師が不足しているときはいつでも使用してよい
C抑制は各勤務の終わりに一度確認すればよい
Dまず代替手段を試み、期限付きの指示が必要である
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Which patient with a suspected infection meets at least two SIRS criteria?
ARespiratory rate 16/min and WBC 8,000/mm3
BTemperature 36.8 °C and respiratory rate 18/min
CTemperature 37.2 °C and heart rate 80/min
DTemperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient on peritoneal dialysis notices that the drained fluid is cloudy and has abdominal pain. What should the nurse do?
AAdd more glucose to the next bag to clear the fluid
BStop dialysis for a week and recheck the fluid later
CRecord it as normal and continue the usual exchanges
DSend the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient has a hematocrit of 60% and a raised red cell mass. Which result suggests polycythemia vera rather than secondary polycythemia from chronic hypoxia?
AA high carboxyhemoglobin
BA low erythropoietin level
CA low oxygen saturation
DA high erythropoietin level
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · That they know how and when to take them and what to report
これが答えになる理由
Safe discharge needs the patient or carer to understand dose, timing, purpose and important side effects. Teach-back and written information help confirm this.
答え
B · That they know how and when to take them and what to report
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Inform the surgeon so consent can be discussed again before surgery
これが答えになる理由
Consent is valid only if the patient understands the procedure, risks and alternatives. The nurse advocates for the patient and asks the person doing the procedure to discuss it again.
答え
B · Inform the surgeon so consent can be discussed again before surgery
答え: A · Intramuscular injection into the anterolateral thigh
これが答えになる理由
IM adrenaline into the outer thigh is absorbed quickly and is the first-line route. IV adrenaline is reserved for experienced specialists with full monitoring because of the risk of arrhythmias.
答え
A · Intramuscular injection into the anterolateral thigh
2:1 房室ブロック:QRS 1 つに P 波が 2 つあるとき、伝導した P 波が連続しないので、伝導されなかった P 波の前で PR が延びるか(I 型)、一定か(II 型)を判断できません。1 枚の波形からは 2:1 房室ブロックと呼びます。型は、より長い波形や伝導比の変化で決まります。QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、どちらも決め手にはなりません。
5つのステップ
1. 心拍数:R–R = 小さいマス目 40 個、1500 ÷ 40 ≈ 38 回/分。
2. リズム:整。すべての R–R は 1.60 秒です。
3. P波:陽性で整(P–P 0.80 秒、75 回/分)。QRS 1つにつき2個あります。
4. PR 間隔:伝導された拍では 0.20 秒で一定です。
5. QRS:0.08 秒で幅が狭い(0.12 秒未満)。
型が決まらない理由
2 つに 1 つの P 波が伝導されないので、伝導した拍動が連続せず、PR の延長を確認できません。
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
答え
2:1 房室ブロック(型は特定不能)
QRS の幅が狭ければ I 型の可能性が高く、広ければ II 型の可能性が高いのですが、決め手になるのは、より長い波形か伝導比の変化だけです。
13.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
これが答えになる理由
During a seizure the nurse protects the patient from injury and turns them to the side to keep the airway clear. Nothing is put in the mouth, movements are not restrained and nothing is given by mouth.
答え
D · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
答え: D · Temperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
これが答えになる理由
SIRS criteria include a temperature above 38 °C or below 36 °C, heart rate above 90/min, respiratory rate above 20/min and a WBC above 12,000 or below 4,000/mm3. Only the first patient meets two.
答え
D · Temperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Send the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
これが答えになる理由
Cloudy effluent with abdominal pain suggests peritonitis, the main serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. A sample is sent for white cell count, Gram stain and culture, and antibiotics (often given in the dialysis fluid) are started as prescribed.
答え
D · Send the fluid for cell count and culture and report it
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · A low erythropoietin level
これが答えになる理由
In polycythemia vera, a marrow mutation (usually JAK2) drives red cell production, so erythropoietin is low. In secondary polycythemia from hypoxia (COPD, high altitude, smoking), erythropoietin is high. Often white cells and platelets are also raised in polycythemia vera.