A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?
AThe virus has been completely cured and removed
BThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
CThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too
DThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient receiving IV magnesium sulfate has a respiratory rate of 9/min and absent patellar reflexes. After stopping the infusion, which medication should the nurse expect to give?
AProtamine sulfate
BSodium bicarbonate
CCalcium gluconate
DPotassium chloride
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Secured upright in a holder or trolley, away from heat
これが答えになる理由
Cylinders are heavy and contain gas under pressure. They are kept upright and secured, away from heat and flames, and are handled carefully.
答え
B · Secured upright in a holder or trolley, away from heat
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · It interacts with many medicines and can reduce their effect
これが答えになる理由
St John's wort induces liver enzymes and can lower levels of drugs such as warfarin and the contraceptive pill. All herbal and over-the-counter products are recorded and reviewed.
答え
C · It interacts with many medicines and can reduce their effect
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
これが答えになる理由
Thrombocytopenia increases bleeding risk. Gentle oral care, electric razors and avoiding IM injections and rectal procedures help prevent bleeding.
答え
A · Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · "I'll drink as little as possible so I don't leak."
これが答えになる理由
Restricting fluids concentrates urine, irritates the bladder and risks dehydration and infection. Pelvic floor exercises, weight loss and reducing caffeine are recommended measures.
答え
D · "I'll drink as little as possible so I don't leak."
答え: D · A patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
これが答えになる理由
A neutropenic patient cannot fight infection well, so the roommate must not have a transmissible infection. A clean postoperative patient is the safest choice; ideally the neutropenic patient has a single room.
答え
D · A patient after a knee replacement with no signs of infection
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Keep the legs level or slightly lowered, not raised
これが答えになる理由
In arterial disease, gravity helps blood reach the feet, so legs are not elevated. Elevation and compression suit venous disease, and crossing the legs reduces flow further.
答え
A · Keep the legs level or slightly lowered, not raised
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Clean the wound with sterile saline first, then swab clean tissue
これが答えになる理由
Old exudate contains surface bacteria that may not be causing the infection. The wound is cleaned with sterile saline and then swabbed over clean, viable tissue, ideally before antibiotics start.
答え
C · Clean the wound with sterile saline first, then swab clean tissue
答え: D · The treatment is suppressing the virus very well
これが答えになる理由
An undetectable viral load shows that antiretroviral therapy is suppressing viral replication. The virus remains in the body, so treatment must continue. People with a sustained undetectable viral load do not transmit HIV sexually.
答え
D · The treatment is suppressing the virus very well
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Calcium gluconate
これが答えになる理由
Absent reflexes and slow breathing indicate magnesium toxicity. The infusion is stopped, the provider is called, the airway and breathing are supported, and IV calcium gluconate is given as prescribed to counteract magnesium.