A patient is going home on a new oral anticoagulant. There is only a short time for teaching. Which topic is most important?
AHow to cook low-fat meals
BWhich television programs help with relaxation
CSigns of bleeding and when to seek help
DHow to choose comfortable walking shoes
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
台の上で滅菌パックを開けるとき、最初に開くのはどのフラップですか?
A最も手が届きやすい側のフラップ
B看護師に最も近いフラップ
C看護師から最も遠いフラップ
Dすべてのフラップを一度に
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient after heart surgery has temporary epicardial pacing wires. Why do staff take special care with electrical safety?
APacing wires can only carry current coming from the pacemaker box itself
BSmall currents can travel along the wires straight to the heart and cause arrhythmias
CThe wires make the patient immune to electric shock
DElectrical safety only matters for patients who have permanent implanted pacemakers
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?
AA high serum calcium
BA low serum magnesium
CA low serum sodium
DA high serum potassium
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?
AAnemia of chronic disease
BHereditary hemochromatosis
CAcute viral hepatitis A
DIron-deficiency anemia
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Integrity versus despair
これが答えになる理由
In late adulthood people review their lives. A sense of meaning brings integrity, while regret can lead to despair. Reminiscence can support this stage.
答え
B · Integrity versus despair
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · An infection or significant inflammation
これが答えになる理由
A raised white cell count with fever usually means the body is fighting an infection or major inflammation. The nurse reports it and looks for the source, including sepsis.
答え
A · An infection or significant inflammation
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Do not stop them suddenly
これが答えになる理由
Long-term steroids suppress the adrenal glands, so stopping suddenly can cause adrenal crisis. Patients should carry a steroid alert card or medical ID and follow sick-day guidance.
答え
A · Do not stop them suddenly
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · Too-rapid correction can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
これが答えになる理由
In chronic hyponatraemia brain cells adapt to the low tonicity. A rapid rise in sodium draws water out too fast and can cause osmotic demyelination, so the correction rate is limited and sodium is checked often.
答え
D · Too-rapid correction can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
The main risk of anticoagulants is bleeding, so the patient must know the signs, such as black stools or blood in the urine, and when to seek help. Other topics can follow later.
答え: B · Small currents can travel along the wires straight to the heart and cause arrhythmias
これが答えになる理由
Wires that lead directly to the heart allow tiny currents (microshock) to reach the myocardium and cause ventricular fibrillation. Staff wear gloves when handling them, cover exposed ends and use properly grounded equipment.
答え
B · Small currents can travel along the wires straight to the heart and cause arrhythmias
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · A low serum sodium
これが答えになる理由
Carbamazepine (and oxcarbazepine) can cause hyponatremia by increasing the effect of ADH, which can cause confusion, headache and seizures. The drug can also cause serious blood disorders, so the CBC is monitored.確認に用いた資料:Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023); Carbamazepine · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
C · A low serum sodium
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Hereditary hemochromatosis
これが答えになる理由
Hemochromatosis is an inherited disorder of increased iron absorption. Iron is deposited in the liver, pancreas, joints, heart and skin. A high transferrin saturation with a high ferritin suggests the diagnosis, and treatment is regular venesection (phlebotomy).確認に用いた資料:Hemochromatosis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)