What is the purpose of the Z-track technique for intramuscular injections?
AIt seals the drug in the muscle and stops it leaking into the tissue above
BIt makes the injection go into the fatty tissue instead of the muscle
CIt lets the nurse give a larger volume into a small muscle
DIt numbs the skin before the needle goes in
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
What is the best way to check that a patient has learned to use an inhaler correctly?
AAsk whether they have any questions
BAsk the patient to show how they use it
CAsk them to repeat the drug's name
DAsk whether they have read the leaflet
3.臨床看護学ふつう
After a total hip replacement through a posterior approach, which movement should the patient usually avoid in the early weeks?
ABending the hip beyond 90 degrees or crossing the legs
BWalking short distances with a frame and a physiotherapist
CLying on their back
DDoing gentle ankle exercises
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with poorly controlled hyperthyroidism develops a high fever, very fast heart rate, agitation and vomiting during an infection. What is likely?
答え: A · It seals the drug in the muscle and stops it leaking into the tissue above
これが答えになる理由
Pulling the skin sideways before injecting and releasing it afterwards makes a zigzag track that closes over the needle path, preventing leakage and skin staining.
答え
A · It seals the drug in the muscle and stops it leaking into the tissue above
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Ask the patient to show how they use it
これが答えになる理由
A return demonstration shows whether a psychomotor skill has been learned and lets the nurse correct mistakes. Saying "yes, I understand" does not prove the technique is right.
答え
B · Ask the patient to show how they use it
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Bending the hip beyond 90 degrees or crossing the legs
これが答えになる理由
Hip flexion past 90°, crossing the legs and turning the leg inwards can dislocate the hip after a posterior approach. Raised seats and toilet seats help, although specific precautions vary between units.
答え
A · Bending the hip beyond 90 degrees or crossing the legs
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · Thyroid storm
これが答えになる理由
Thyroid storm is a life-threatening worsening of hyperthyroidism, often triggered by infection or surgery. It needs urgent treatment with cooling, beta-blockade and antithyroid drugs.
D · 1 L/分の酸素を使用し、SpO₂ 90 %(目標 88~92 %)で、文章で会話できる COPD の患者
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Drowsy with pinpoint pupils and a respiratory rate of 7/min
これが答えになる理由
Pinpoint pupils, drowsiness and slow breathing suggest opioid overdose, which can be fatal. Yawning, a runny nose, dilated pupils and cramps are signs of opioid withdrawal, which is distressing but rarely life-threatening.
答え
D · Drowsy with pinpoint pupils and a respiratory rate of 7/min
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · At least every 2 hours
これが答えになる理由
Restrained patients are checked often for circulation, skin and comfort, and the restraint is released at least every 2 hours for movement, toileting, fluids and skin care. Exact intervals follow the facility’s policy.
答え
D · At least every 2 hours
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Avoid direct patient care and handling of equipment until it heals, and see occupational health
これが答えになる理由
Weeping skin lesions increase the risk of passing organisms to patients and of the nurse picking up bloodborne pathogens. The nurse should avoid direct patient contact and handling of patient equipment until the condition is assessed and resolved.
答え
C · Avoid direct patient care and handling of equipment until it heals, and see occupational health
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Prick the side of the fingertip
これが答えになる理由
The sides of the fingertips are less sensitive than the pads, so they are used for capillary sampling. Rotating sites reduces soreness, and hard squeezing can add tissue fluid that gives inaccurate results.
答え
A · Prick the side of the fingertip
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · 用量を調整する前に、反対の腕から新しい検体を依頼する
これが答えになる理由
点滴側の腕から採血した血液には点滴からのヘパリンが含まれているため、aPTT は偽高値になります。反対の腕からの検体は、真の結果を示します。誤った結果で用量を変えると、血栓を起こすおそれがあります。確認に用いた資料:Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)