On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37.9 °C and reduced breath sounds at the lung bases. Which nursing action is most helpful?
AEncourage deep breathing, coughing and use of the incentive spirometer
BRestrict oral fluids so that the lungs do not fill up with extra fluid
CGive a cough suppressant so that the incision is not strained
DKeep the patient lying flat in bed to rest the incision fully
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A charge nurse notices that a nurse smells of alcohol and is slurring words at the start of the shift. What is the priority?
AWait until the end of the shift and then discuss the concern with the nurse privately
BRemove the nurse from patient care and report it according to policy
CLet the nurse work, but only with stable patients
DAsk the nurse to drink coffee and then start work
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
How does a nurse add a sterile gauze pack to a sterile field that is already set up?
AOpen the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over
BReach across the field with clean gloves to place the item
CTip the item onto the field and push it into place with the wrapper
DPlace the whole wrapped pack on the field and open it there with sterile gloves
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
While preparing a chemotherapy infusion, the drug splashes onto a nurse’s forearm. What should the nurse do first?
ACover the area with a dressing and report later
BFinish hanging the infusion and then wash the skin
CWipe the skin with an alcohol swab and continue preparing the infusion
DRemove contaminated PPE and wash the skin with soap and water at once
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient takes high-dose biotin supplements for hair and nails. Why should the nurse report this before blood tests?
ABiotin lowers the hemoglobin by destroying the red cells
BBiotin causes a true rise in blood glucose in all patients
CBiotin can distort some immunoassays, such as troponin or TSH
DBiotin makes the blood clot in the tube before testing
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on a stable dose of levothyroxine now has a TSH of 9.8 mIU/L. She recently started taking her calcium and iron supplements with her morning levothyroxine. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe supplements are reducing levothyroxine absorption
BThe result is normal for a person on levothyroxine therapy
CThe TSH is low, showing that the dose is now too high
DThe supplements are causing an overactive thyroid gland
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · No more than 10 seconds
これが答えになる理由
Rescuers look, listen and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If breathing is absent or not normal, they call for help and start CPR.
Rapid-acting insulins start working within minutes, so they are given with meals to match the glucose rise. Giving the dose without eating risks hypoglycaemia.
答え
B · Just before or with a meal
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
これが答えになる理由
A ruptured AAA classically presents with pain, shock and a pulsatile mass. It is a surgical emergency needing immediate senior help and transfer to theatre.
答え: A · Encourage deep breathing, coughing and use of the incentive spirometer
これが答えになる理由
Reduced basal breath sounds and a mild temperature early after surgery often mean atelectasis. Deep breathing, coughing, incentive spirometry and early mobilization help re-expand the lungs.
答え
A · Encourage deep breathing, coughing and use of the incentive spirometer
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Remove the nurse from patient care and report it according to policy
これが答えになる理由
A nurse who appears impaired must not care for patients. The charge nurse removes them from duty and follows policy for reporting; support, such as an assistance program, can follow.
答え
B · Remove the nurse from patient care and report it according to policy
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Open the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over
これが答えになる理由
The nurse opens the package so the sterile item can be dropped onto the field from a short height, without the wrapper or arms crossing over the sterile area. The item must land well inside the non-sterile border.
答え
A · Open the wrapper away from the field and drop the item on it without reaching over
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Remove contaminated PPE and wash the skin with soap and water at once
これが答えになる理由
Skin exposure to hazardous drugs is washed immediately with soap and water after removing contaminated gloves or gown. The exposure is then reported and treated according to policy.
答え
D · Remove contaminated PPE and wash the skin with soap and water at once
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Biotin can distort some immunoassays, such as troponin or TSH
これが答えになる理由
Many immunoassays use biotin-streptavidin binding, and high blood biotin levels can give falsely high or low results, for example a falsely low troponin or abnormal thyroid tests. The laboratory and prescriber should know about biotin use.確認に用いた資料:Troponin Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023); Biotin Interference with Troponin Lab Tests - Assays Subject to Biotin Interference · U.S. FDA (2022)
答え
C · Biotin can distort some immunoassays, such as troponin or TSH
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · The supplements are reducing levothyroxine absorption
これが答えになる理由
Calcium, iron and antacids bind levothyroxine in the gut and reduce absorption, so the TSH rises. Levothyroxine is taken on an empty stomach, usually 30–60 minutes before breakfast, separated from these supplements by about 4 hours.
答え
A · The supplements are reducing levothyroxine absorption