CRespiratory rate 18/min, alert, systolic BP 130 mmHg, temperature 38.5 °C
DRespiratory rate 16/min, alert, systolic BP 105 mmHg, WBC 13,000/mm3
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
BThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
CDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
DSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient with chronic kidney disease about a potassium-restricted diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I can leach potatoes by soaking them before cooking them"
B"Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"
C"I'll limit bananas, oranges and potatoes in my meals"
D"I'll check food labels and ask my dietitian about portion sizes"
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · Explain that they have not been trained and ask for supervision
これが答えになる理由
Nurses and students must only practise within their competence. Saying so, and asking to observe or be supervised, protects the patient and the student.
答え
C · Explain that they have not been trained and ask for supervision
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Contact the prescriber or pharmacist for a suitable alternative
これが答えになる理由
Crushing a modified-release tablet can release the full dose at once and cause toxicity. The prescriber or pharmacist can suggest a liquid, a patch or another drug, and any omitted dose is documented.
答え
D · Contact the prescriber or pharmacist for a suitable alternative
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
これが答えになる理由
ABPI compares ankle and arm blood pressures. A low result suggests arterial insufficiency, where compression could cause ischaemia; venous ulcers with adequate arterial supply are treated with compression.
答え
B · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · A patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
これが答えになる理由
Being unable to complete sentences is a sign of acute severe or life-threatening asthma, an airway and breathing emergency. The other patients need attention but are not immediately life-threatened.
答え
D · A patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
Potassium is not added to IV fluids until the child is passing urine, because poor kidney function can let potassium build up to dangerous levels.
答え
D · That the child is passing urine
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Ask the patient to explain in their own words how and when to take it
これが答えになる理由
With teach-back, the patient explains the information in their own words, which shows whether the teaching worked. A yes to “Do you understand?” does not confirm understanding.
答え
B · Ask the patient to explain in their own words how and when to take it
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Respiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
これが答えになる理由
qSOFA scores one point each for a respiratory rate of 22/min or more, altered mental status and a systolic BP of 100 mmHg or less. Two or more points mean higher risk, so the first patient needs urgent escalation.
答え
A · Respiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
これが答えになる理由
Blood in the upper gut is digested, and the absorbed protein is converted to urea, so the BUN rises out of proportion to the creatinine. Reduced kidney blood flow from volume loss can add to the rise.確認に用いた資料:BUN - blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · "Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"
これが答えになる理由
Dried fruits such as apricots and raisins are very high in potassium and should be limited in kidney disease with hyperkalemia. Limiting high-potassium foods, leaching vegetables and reading labels are correct strategies.確認に用いた資料:Potassium in diet · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Spironolactone · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2018)
答え
B · "Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"