An older adult asks for something to help them sleep. Which drug is most likely to cause confusion and falls in this age group?
AA warm milky drink
BDiphenhydramine
CMelatonin
DAcetaminophen (paracetamol)
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An adult choking on food is coughing forcefully and can speak a little. What should the nurse do?
AGive the patient water to wash the food down
BSweep the mouth blindly with a finger
CGive abdominal thrusts straight away until the food comes out
DEncourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
バーコードスキャナーが、薬が患者の記録と一致しないと警告しました。看護師はどうすべきですか?
A別の患者のリストバンドをスキャンする
B与薬して、警告は勤務の後半に報告する
C警告を無視して与薬する
D手を止めて、与薬する前に理由を調べる
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient about home oxygen safety. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will keep my spare cylinders upright and secured.”
B“I will put a ‘no smoking’ sign on my front door for visitors.”
C“I will keep my oxygen away from the stove.”
D“I can light candles at dinner if my oxygen is turned down low.”
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a target INR of 2.0–3.0. How does the usual target for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve compare?
ALower, about 1.0–1.5
BThe same, 2.0–3.0
CHigher, about 2.5–3.5
DMuch higher, about 5.0–6.0
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient admitted with heavy alcohol use and malnutrition has a glucose of 52 mg/dL (2.9 mmol/L) and low magnesium. Which prescribed treatment should be given before the IV glucose?
AIV insulin
BIV potassium
COral iron
DIV thiamine
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · When the sounds disappear completely
これが答えになる理由
The first clear sound marks the systolic pressure; in adults the point at which the sounds disappear (phase 5) is recorded as diastolic.
答え
A · When the sounds disappear completely
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Use a soft toothbrush and avoid IM injections where possible
これが答えになる理由
A low platelet count raises the risk of bleeding. Bleeding precautions include soft toothbrushes, electric razors, avoiding IM injections and avoiding aspirin and NSAIDs.
答え
D · Use a soft toothbrush and avoid IM injections where possible
答え: C · "If I forget a dose, I'll take two the next day to catch up."
これが答えになる理由
Doubling up on an anticoagulant increases the bleeding risk. Patients follow the specific missed-dose advice for their drug and never take a double dose.
答え
C · "If I forget a dose, I'll take two the next day to catch up."
Diphenhydramine is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion, urinary retention and falls in older adults. It is on lists of drugs to avoid in this group.
答え
B · Diphenhydramine
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Encourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
これが答えになる理由
A partial obstruction with a forceful cough is best cleared by the patient’s own coughing. The nurse stays and is ready to act if the cough becomes weak or the patient cannot speak or breathe.
答え
D · Encourage the patient to keep coughing and stay with them
答え: D · “I can light candles at dinner if my oxygen is turned down low.”
これが答えになる理由
Oxygen supports combustion, so open flames such as candles, matches, gas stoves and cigarettes must be kept away whatever the flow rate. The other statements are correct.
答え
D · “I can light candles at dinner if my oxygen is turned down low.”
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Higher, about 2.5–3.5
これが答えになる理由
Mechanical heart valves, especially in the mitral position, have a high risk of thrombosis, so the INR target is usually higher, about 2.5–3.5. An INR of 5 or more carries a high bleeding risk.確認に用いた資料:Label: WARFARIN SODIUM tablet · DailyMed (NLM/FDA) (2012)
答え
C · Higher, about 2.5–3.5
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · IV thiamine
これが答えになる理由
People with alcohol use disorder and malnutrition are often deficient in thiamine. Giving glucose first can use up the remaining thiamine and precipitate Wernicke encephalopathy, so thiamine is usually given before or with glucose. Hypoglycemia must still be treated promptly.