Which postoperative finding should be reported most urgently?
ARespiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
BUrine output of 50 mL in the last hour
CPain score of 4/10 at the wound site when moving
DTemperature 37.4 °C on the first day
3.臨床看護学ふつう
患者のけいれん発作が 5 分以上続いています。これはどういう意味ですか?
Aてんかん重積状態として扱い、緊急の薬を投与すべきである
B舌をかまないように口に何かを入れる
C正常であり、治療は不要である
D動きを止めるために手足を押さえる
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient two days after abdominal surgery coughs and says something "gave way". The wound has opened and bowel is visible. What should the nurse do first?
ACover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help
BSit the patient fully upright and offer a hot drink
CGently push the bowel back into the abdomen and tape the wound edges firmly closed
DApply dry gauze tightly and ask the patient to keep coughing
A patient starts high-dose prednisone. Which laboratory change should the nurse expect?
AA fall in the white cell count
BA rise in serum potassium
CA rise in blood glucose
DA fall in serum sodium
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with SIADH is on fluid restriction. Which task can the RN delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP), such as a nursing or healthcare assistant?
答え: A · Respiratory rate 8/min and difficult to rouse
これが答えになる理由
A low respiratory rate with reduced consciousness may mean opioid toxicity or deterioration and threatens the airway. The other findings are common after surgery and can be managed routinely.
答え: A · Cover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help
これが答えになる理由
Evisceration is a surgical emergency. The exposed bowel is covered with sterile moist dressings, the patient is positioned to reduce tension on the abdomen (for example knees bent), kept nil by mouth and reviewed urgently.
答え
A · Cover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help
答え: D · “If I miss a dose, I will take two the next day.”
これが答えになる理由
Doubling a missed warfarin dose raises the risk of bleeding. Patients are taught to follow the prescriber’s instructions for missed doses, and the other statements are correct.
答え
D · “If I miss a dose, I will take two the next day.”
答え: C · Above the elbows, so water runs from the fingertips toward the elbows
これが答えになる理由
After a surgical scrub, the hands are the cleanest area, so they are held above the elbows to let water drain away from them toward the less clean elbows.
答え
C · Above the elbows, so water runs from the fingertips toward the elbows
Glucocorticoids raise blood glucose by increasing glucose production and reducing insulin sensitivity. They also tend to lower potassium, retain sodium and raise the white cell count by releasing neutrophils into the blood.確認に用いた資料:Blood Glucose Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · A rise in blood glucose
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Measuring and recording intake and output
これが答えになる理由
UAP can measure and record intake and output and weigh the patient, then report the values to the RN. Assessing mental status, teaching and making decisions about laboratory monitoring need nursing judgment and remain with the RN.