An older patient who has been constipated for days now has small amounts of liquid stool leaking. What should the nurse suspect?
AThe constipation has fully resolved
BFecal impaction with liquid stool passing around it
CA side effect of drinking too much water
DA new bowel infection that has caused the diarrhea
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
After surgery, a patient who has taken long-term steroids becomes hypotensive and weak, and the blood pressure does not rise with IV fluids. Which problem should the nurse suspect?
AFluid overload from too much IV fluid
BNormal tiredness after anesthesia
CAn allergic reaction to the anesthetic
DAdrenal crisis from steroid withdrawal
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
インスリンやヘパリンの持続注入など一部の薬に、独立したダブルチェックを行うのはなぜですか?
A誤りが起きたとき、2人の看護師で責任を分担するため
Bこれらの薬は無駄にすると非常に高価だから
C準備の過程を速くするため
D第二の人が別々に確認することで、見落とした誤りを発見できるから
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
転倒予防策が最も必要な患者はどれですか?
A退院を待っていて、自力で歩ける患者
B指を骨折したが、介助なしで安定して安全に歩ける若年成人
C最近混乱が出現し、鎮静薬を使用していて、歩行が不安定な高齢患者
D指示に従える、意識清明で安静臥床中の患者
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?
ASo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
BBecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count
CBecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels
DSo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later
The bell picks up low-pitched sounds and must be held lightly. The diaphragm, pressed firmly, is used for high-pitched sounds such as normal breath, bowel and heart sounds.
答え
A · The bell, placed lightly on the skin
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · A drowsy patient stops pressing, which helps prevent overdose
これが答えになる理由
If the patient becomes too sleepy they cannot press the button, so no more opioid is given. When others press it this safety is lost and respiratory depression can follow.
答え
A · A drowsy patient stops pressing, which helps prevent overdose
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Gas used during the operation irritating the diaphragm
これが答えになる理由
Carbon dioxide used to inflate the abdomen can irritate the diaphragm, causing referred shoulder-tip pain. It usually settles within a few days with mobilisation and analgesia.
答え
D · Gas used during the operation irritating the diaphragm
答え: B · Fecal impaction with liquid stool passing around it
これが答えになる理由
In fecal impaction, liquid stool from higher in the bowel leaks around the hard mass. Giving an antidiarrheal would make things worse; the nurse assesses and reports.
答え
B · Fecal impaction with liquid stool passing around it
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Adrenal crisis from steroid withdrawal
これが答えになる理由
Patients on long-term steroids may not make enough cortisol to cope with surgical stress. Refractory hypotension suggests adrenal crisis, which needs urgent IV hydrocortisone as prescribed.
答え: A · So a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
これが答えになる理由
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is diagnosed partly by a fall of about 50% or more from the baseline count, usually 5–14 days after starting. A baseline count and regular checks make this possible.確認に用いた資料:Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
A · So a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected