A dying patient's breathing gets deeper and faster, then shallower, followed by a pause with no breathing, in a repeating cycle. What is this pattern called?
ACheyne–Stokes breathing
BParadoxical breathing
CKussmaul breathing
DBiot's breathing
3.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with renal colic is asked to pass urine through a strainer. Why?
ATo remove bacteria from the urine
BTo measure the urine's pH and specific gravity
CTo catch any stone so that it can be analysed
DTo make passing urine less painful
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A few hours after cardiac surgery, a patient has low blood pressure, a raised jugular venous pressure and quiet, muffled heart sounds. What should be suspected?
Cheyne–Stokes breathing is a cyclical rise and fall in depth with periods of apnoea. It is common near the end of life and in severe heart failure or brain injury.
答え
A · Cheyne–Stokes breathing
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · To catch any stone so that it can be analysed
これが答えになる理由
Collecting a passed stone allows its composition to be identified, which helps guide diet and treatment to prevent recurrence.
答え
C · To catch any stone so that it can be analysed
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Cardiac tamponade
これが答えになる理由
Hypotension, raised JVP and muffled heart sounds (Beck's triad) suggest cardiac tamponade. Blood in the pericardial space compresses the heart and needs urgent drainage.
答え: D · “If he won’t stop crying, a quick shake will get his attention.”
これが答えになる理由
Shaking an infant can cause bleeding in the brain, permanent disability or death. Parents are taught to put the baby down safely and step away if they feel overwhelmed, and to ask for help.
答え
D · “If he won’t stop crying, a quick shake will get his attention.”
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Gout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack
これが答えになる理由
Serum urate can be normal or even low during an acute gout attack. The definitive test is joint aspiration showing needle-shaped urate crystals, which also helps rule out septic arthritis.確認に用いた資料:Gout · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Synovial Fluid Analysis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · Gout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack