答え: A · Before antibiotics are given, as long as this does not delay them
これが答えになる理由
Taking cultures first gives the best chance of identifying the organism. They are collected with strict asepsis, but antibiotics must not be delayed in sepsis.
答え
A · Before antibiotics are given, as long as this does not delay them
答え: B · To catch any stone so that it can be analysed
これが答えになる理由
Collecting a passed stone allows its composition to be identified, which helps guide diet and treatment to prevent recurrence.
答え
B · To catch any stone so that it can be analysed
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
これが答えになる理由
Delirium develops over hours to days, with fluctuating attention and consciousness, and is often reversible when the cause is treated. Dementia is a gradual, progressive decline. Patients with dementia are at higher risk of delirium.
答え
A · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
答え: D · “Suctioning a new tracheostomy is my task; I will do it myself.”
これが答えになる理由
Care of a new tracheostomy, including suctioning, involves airway risk and assessment, so the RN keeps it. Leaving it to the family or the next shift is unsafe.
答え
D · “Suctioning a new tracheostomy is my task; I will do it myself.”
答え: C · To stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
これが答えになる理由
Elbow restraints keep the elbows straight so the infant cannot touch the suture line. They are removed regularly, one at a time, for skin checks and movement under supervision.
答え
C · To stop the infant’s hands reaching the mouth while still allowing arm movement
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Get medical assessment and report the assault according to policy
これが答えになる理由
Workplace violence should always be reported. Reporting allows care for the injured staff member, review of risks and changes to the patient’s care plan to protect staff and other patients.
答え
D · Get medical assessment and report the assault according to policy
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · About 7–14 days after treatment
これが答えになる理由
Chemotherapy damages dividing marrow cells, but mature neutrophils and platelets already in the blood survive for a while, so counts usually fall to a nadir about 7–14 days later, depending on the drug. Infection and bleeding risks are highest then.