Which is a recognised risk factor for postoperative nausea and vomiting?
ABeing male
BBeing a smoker
CA short operation under local anaesthetic
DUse of opioids after surgery
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient has sudden, severe "tearing" chest pain going through to the back and a large difference in blood pressure between the arms. What should be suspected?
A nurse takes a telephone order from a provider. What must the nurse do?
ARemember the order and write it in the chart at the end of the shift
BAsk the ward clerk to take the order on the nurse’s behalf instead
CCarry out the order first and ask the provider to confirm it later
DWrite the order down and read it back to the provider to confirm it
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient arrives one hour after the start of stroke symptoms. Which step must happen before a thrombolytic drug can be given?
AA full lipid profile to check cholesterol
BAn echocardiogram to look for clots
CA brain scan to rule out bleeding
DA swallow test with a cup of water
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
医療廃棄物(感染性廃棄物)として処分すべきドレッシング関連のごみはどれですか?
A手を拭くのに使った清潔なペーパータオル
B滅菌ドレッシングパックの外側の紙包装
C感染した創からの滲出液を吸ったドレッシング
D使用期限を過ぎた、未使用で封のままのドレッシング
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
滅菌手袋が滅菌野の縁に触れたかどうか、看護師には確信がありません。正しい対応はどれですか?
A手袋をアルコールで拭く
B手袋は汚染されたものとして扱い、交換する
C見ていたかどうか患者に尋ねる
D確信がないので、そのまま続ける
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient had a total gastrectomy. Which long-term therapy is needed to prevent anemia?
AMonthly transfusions of red blood cells
BLifelong oral folic acid tablets only
CLifelong vitamin B12 replacement
DWeekly doses of oral vitamin K tablets
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on a stable dose of levothyroxine now has a TSH of 9.8 mIU/L. She recently started taking her calcium and iron supplements with her morning levothyroxine. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe supplements are reducing levothyroxine absorption
BThe supplements are causing an overactive thyroid gland
CThe result is normal for a person on levothyroxine therapy
DThe TSH is low, showing that the dose is now too high
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · The patient may still be identifiable, which breaches confidentiality
これが答えになる理由
Details such as the ward, the condition or the date can reveal who a patient is. Professional codes forbid sharing patient information on social media, even without names.
答え
C · The patient may still be identifiable, which breaches confidentiality
Known risk factors include opioids, female sex, being a non-smoker, previous PONV or motion sickness and longer general anaesthetics. High-risk patients may be given preventive antiemetics.
答え
D · Use of opioids after surgery
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Aortic dissection
これが答えになる理由
Aortic dissection classically causes abrupt, tearing pain radiating to the back, with unequal arm pulses or pressures. It is a surgical emergency, and thrombolysis must not be given.
答え: D · Write the order down and read it back to the provider to confirm it
これが答えになる理由
For telephone and verbal orders, the nurse writes down the full order and reads it back so the provider can confirm it. This “read-back” prevents errors from mishearing.
答え
D · Write the order down and read it back to the provider to confirm it
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · A brain scan to rule out bleeding
これが答えになる理由
Thrombolytics dissolve clots and would worsen a hemorrhagic stroke. A brain CT (or MRI) is needed first to rule out bleeding, and it must be done quickly.
Intrinsic factor from the stomach is needed to absorb vitamin B12 in the ileum. After a total gastrectomy, B12 must be replaced for life, usually by injection, to prevent macrocytic anemia and nerve damage.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia - Causes · NHS (2023); Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
C · Lifelong vitamin B12 replacement
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · The supplements are reducing levothyroxine absorption
これが答えになる理由
Calcium, iron and antacids bind levothyroxine in the gut and reduce absorption, so the TSH rises. Levothyroxine is taken on an empty stomach, usually 30–60 minutes before breakfast, separated from these supplements by about 4 hours.
答え
A · The supplements are reducing levothyroxine absorption