A nurse has given rapid-acting insulin, and then learns that the patient’s meal tray will be 45 minutes late. What should the nurse do?
AGet the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
BAsk the patient to walk around the ward until the food arrives
CGive a second, smaller dose of insulin when the meal tray finally arrives
DTell the patient to wait and do nothing until the tray comes
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient is bleeding internally after a fall. Which finding is usually an early sign of hypovolemic shock?
AA slow heart rate with warm, dry, flushed skin and a normal blood pressure throughout
BA very low blood pressure with fixed, dilated pupils
CRestlessness and a rising heart rate while the blood pressure is still normal
DLoss of consciousness with gasping breaths
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
hydrOXYzine と hydrALAZINE のような「トールマン表記」の目的は何ですか?
A商品名を示すこと
B薬の規格(含量)を示すこと
C似た名前の薬を見分けやすくすること
D2つの薬のうちどちらがハイリスク薬かを示すこと
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
重度の認知症の患者が夜間に一人でベッドから出て、2回転倒しています。最も適切な計画はどれですか?
Aベッドにとどまらせるため、毎晩鎮静薬を投与する
B夜間は患者を椅子に縛りつける
C4本のベッド柵を上げ、静かにするため夜間はドアを閉める
D低いベッド、ベッドアラーム、排泄誘導の巡回、常夜灯、滑り止め付き靴下
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?
ASodium bicarbonate
BUric acid
CPhosphate
DMagnesium
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A man of Mediterranean descent develops dark urine, jaundice and a falling hemoglobin a few days after eating fava beans. Which condition is most likely?
ASickle cell crisis with vaso-occlusion
BG6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
CIron-deficiency anemia from poor diet
DVitamin B12 deficiency anemia
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Their sense of thirst is often reduced
これが答えになる理由
Ageing blunts thirst and reduces body water and the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine. Older patients often need to be offered and helped with drinks.
答え: A · Thirst, constipation, confusion and abdominal pain
これが答えになる理由
High calcium causes polyuria and thirst, constipation, abdominal pain, kidney stones and confusion. Tingling and cramps suggest low calcium instead.
答え
A · Thirst, constipation, confusion and abdominal pain
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · An epidural haematoma or abscess compressing the spinal cord
これが答えになる理由
Increasing motor block, back pain or new weakness after an epidural can mean a haematoma or abscess compressing the cord. This is a surgical emergency: stop the infusion and get urgent medical review.
答え
C · An epidural haematoma or abscess compressing the spinal cord
PEA は、波形だけでなくベッドサイドで確認して判断します。これは試験対策の練習であり、臨床の指針ではありません。
13.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Get the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
これが答えになる理由
Rapid-acting insulin starts working within minutes, so a long delay before eating risks hypoglycemia. The nurse arranges food or carbohydrate now and monitors the glucose.
答え
A · Get the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Restlessness and a rising heart rate while the blood pressure is still normal
これが答えになる理由
In early shock, the body keeps the blood pressure up by raising the heart rate and narrowing vessels, so restlessness and tachycardia appear first. A falling blood pressure is a later sign.
答え
C · Restlessness and a rising heart rate while the blood pressure is still normal
Loop diuretics block the Na-K-2Cl transporter in the loop of Henle, where much magnesium and calcium are also reabsorbed. They therefore commonly cause hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, and they can raise uric acid and bicarbonate.確認に用いた資料:Magnesium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
D · Magnesium
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · G6PD deficiency with acute hemolysis
これが答えになる理由
G6PD deficiency makes red cells vulnerable to oxidative damage. Fava beans, some drugs (such as primaquine and some sulfonamides) and infections can trigger acute hemolysis, with dark urine, jaundice and anemia. Triggers are avoided.