A patient taking an SSRI is also given tramadol. A few hours later the patient is agitated, sweating and has a fever, jerking muscles and brisk reflexes. What is the most likely cause?
AAn anxiety attack
BSerotonin syndrome
CNeuroleptic malignant syndrome
DOpioid withdrawal
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
What is the main aim of purposeful hourly rounding?
ATo count the patient’s medications every hour and check that none are missing
BTo replace the need for a call light
CTo check pain, toileting, position and personal items before the patient needs to ask
DTo wake the patient every hour to check orientation
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse has worked three long shifts in a row and feels exhausted. The manager asks the nurse to stay for another shift. What is the most appropriate response?
AAgree, but skip the independent medication checks to save energy on the shift
BAgree without telling anyone about the fatigue
CAgree and drink extra coffee to stay alert
DExplain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?
AIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
BIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months
CThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes
DIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
2 週間前に大量の輸血を受けた患者で、HbA1c の結果が誤解を招くことがあるのはなぜですか?
AHbA1c は、あらゆる状況で正確であるため
B輸血は、常に HbA1c を偽高値まで上げるため
CHbA1c は、赤血球ではなく白血球上の糖を測定するため
D多くの赤血球が供血者由来の細胞で、患者のブドウ糖に曝露されていないため
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Introduce themselves, describe the room and keep items in place
これが答えになる理由
Saying who you are, explaining the layout and keeping items in familiar places help orientation and safety. When guiding, let the patient hold your arm.
答え
B · Introduce themselves, describe the room and keep items in place
With age, thirst is blunted, kidney concentrating ability falls and total body water decreases. Cognitive or physical problems can also make it harder to drink.
答え
A · Their sense of thirst is often reduced
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · "I only need to weigh myself once a month."
これが答えになる理由
Daily weights at the same time with the same scales detect fluid retention early. A rapid gain, worsening breathlessness or needing more pillows should be reported.
SSRIs and tramadol both raise serotonin. Agitation, fever, clonus and hyperreflexia that start quickly suggest serotonin syndrome; neuroleptic malignant syndrome follows antipsychotics and causes rigid muscles with slow reflexes.
答え
B · Serotonin syndrome
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · To check pain, toileting, position and personal items before the patient needs to ask
これが答えになる理由
Regular, planned rounding that addresses pain, toileting, positioning and possessions within reach reduces falls and call-light use. The call light stays within reach as well.
答え
C · To check pain, toileting, position and personal items before the patient needs to ask
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Explain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
これが答えになる理由
Long hours and fatigue increase errors and injuries. Nurses have a professional responsibility to judge whether they are fit to work safely and to say so clearly.
答え
D · Explain that fatigue would make care unsafe and decline the extra shift
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · It measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
これが答えになる理由
In DKA, β-hydroxybutyrate is the main ketone, but most urine dipsticks detect acetoacetate, so they can underestimate ketosis. Blood β-hydroxybutyrate gives a current value that is also useful to monitor recovery.確認に用いた資料:Diabetic ketoacidosis - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · It measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it