A patient on a continuous IV heparin infusion has new black, tarry stools and an aPTT well above the target range. What should the nurse do first?
AOffer an iron-rich meal to replace the lost blood
BCheck the pump rate and leave the infusion running
CStop the heparin infusion and inform the provider
DGive a dose of vitamin K by mouth
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Six hours after surgery, a patient has not passed urine, feels the urge to go and has a firm swelling above the pubic bone. What is the most likely problem?
AA normal effect of the anesthetic
BUrinary retention
CDehydration from fasting before surgery
DAcute kidney injury with no urine made
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
結核が疑われる患者が陰圧室にいます。正しい実践はどれですか?
A夜間は部屋の換気を止める
B面会者が何の防護もなしに入室できるようにする
C出入りするとき以外は、ドアを閉めておく
D常に患者を見られるよう、ドアを開けておく
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Which action by assistive personnel requires the nurse to step in?
AWashing hands with soap and water after leaving a C. difficile room
BGoing from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
CPutting soiled linen straight into a laundry bag at the bedside
DRemoving gloves and then cleaning the hands with alcohol rub
A patient with right upper abdominal pain from gallstones now has jaundice, a total bilirubin of 4.8 mg/dL (82 µmol/L) and a raised ALP. What is the most likely cause?
AGilbert syndrome triggered by pain
BHemolysis caused by the gallstones
CA stone blocking the common bile duct
DUncomplicated gallbladder inflammation
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · A patient who is short of breath after walking to the toilet
これが答えになる理由
Physiological needs such as breathing come first. Psychological and social needs matter too but are addressed after basic survival needs are met.
答え
D · A patient who is short of breath after walking to the toilet
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
これが答えになる理由
Routine help with care for a stable patient can be delegated. Assessment, teaching and evaluation need registered nurse judgement.
答え
D · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Urea (blood urea nitrogen)
これが答えになる理由
Blood proteins digested in the upper GI tract are absorbed and converted to urea, so urea rises out of proportion to creatinine. Urea is part of the Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score.
答え: C · Stop the heparin infusion and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
Black, tarry stools suggest upper GI bleeding, and a high aPTT shows too much anticoagulation. The nurse stops the heparin, checks vital signs and informs the provider, who may prescribe protamine sulfate. Vitamin K reverses warfarin, not heparin.
答え
C · Stop the heparin infusion and inform the provider
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Urinary retention
これが答えになる理由
An urge to void with a palpable bladder points to retention, not reduced urine production. The nurse confirms with a bladder scan if available and follows the prescribed plan, such as catheterization.
答え: B · Going from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
これが答えになる理由
Gloves must be changed and hand hygiene done between patients, because contaminated gloves spread organisms directly. The other actions are correct infection-control practice.
答え
B · Going from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
A gallstone in the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis) obstructs bile flow, raising conjugated bilirubin and ALP. Fever with jaundice and pain suggests cholangitis, an emergency. Simple cholecystitis usually causes only mild liver test changes.確認に用いた資料:Choledocholithiasis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Cholangitis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)