A nursing assistant offers to suction a patient’s new tracheostomy. Which response from the RN is best?
A“Suctioning a new tracheostomy is my task; I will do it myself.”
B“Ask the patient’s family to do the suctioning today.”
C“Leave the suctioning until the next shift arrives.”
D“Thank you, please suction him as needed and tell me how it went.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with raised intracranial pressure is being nursed on the ward. Which position is best?
ASitting forward with the chin on the chest
BHead down with the legs raised above the heart
CHead of the bed at about 30 degrees with the neck straight
DFlat on the back with the head turned well over to one side
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
How should a portable oxygen cylinder be kept in a patient’s room?
APlaced next to a heater to keep it warm
BSecured upright in a stand or holder
CLying loose on the floor beside the bed
DLaid on the bed next to the patient
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
水痘の小児が入院しました。その子のケアを担当する職員として最も適切なのは誰ですか?
A水痘にかかったことも、ワクチンを受けたこともない看護師
B免疫が不明な看護学生
C妊娠中で、自分の免疫が分からない看護師
D水痘への免疫が記録されている看護師
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient who is breathless during a transfusion has hypotension, fever and bilateral lung infiltrates, with no signs of fluid overload. Which complication is most likely?
ATransfusion-associated circulatory overload
BA mild febrile nonhemolytic reaction
CA simple allergic reaction with hives
DTransfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9.8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?
ALook for a source of blood loss in the gut
BGive iron and do no further tests at all
CStart vitamin B12 injections
DRepeat the blood count in one year
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Stomach irritation and bleeding
これが答えになる理由
NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and cause ulcers and bleeding. They are taken with food, avoided in some patients and may also affect the kidneys.
答え
D · Stomach irritation and bleeding
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Accept the report, assess further and offer analgesia
これが答えになる理由
Pain is what the patient says it is. People cope with pain in different ways, and vital signs often stay normal, especially in chronic pain, so the self-report guides care.
答え
A · Accept the report, assess further and offer analgesia
答え: A · “Suctioning a new tracheostomy is my task; I will do it myself.”
これが答えになる理由
Care of a new tracheostomy, including suctioning, involves airway risk and assessment, so the RN keeps it. Leaving it to the family or the next shift is unsafe.
答え
A · “Suctioning a new tracheostomy is my task; I will do it myself.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Head of the bed at about 30 degrees with the neck straight
これが答えになる理由
Raising the head to about 30 degrees and keeping the neck in line helps venous drainage and lowers intracranial pressure. Head-down positions and neck bending or turning can raise it.
答え
C · Head of the bed at about 30 degrees with the neck straight
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Secured upright in a stand or holder
これが答えになる理由
Oxygen cylinders are under high pressure and can be damaged or cause injury if they fall. They are kept upright in a holder or cart, away from heat and flames.
答え: D · Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
これが答えになる理由
TRALI is acute lung injury within 6 hours of transfusion, caused by donor antibodies activating neutrophils in the lungs. It causes hypoxia, bilateral infiltrates and often hypotension and fever. TACO, in contrast, causes hypertension and signs of fluid overload.
答え
D · Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Look for a source of blood loss in the gut
これが答えになる理由
Iron deficiency in an older man or a postmenopausal woman suggests chronic blood loss, often from the gastrointestinal tract, including colorectal cancer. Iron is started, but endoscopy or colonoscopy is needed to find the cause.