A trauma patient receives 2 L of IV crystalloid. The hemoglobin falls from 13.0 to 11.4 g/dL (130 to 114 g/L), and the vital signs are now stable. Which explanation is most likely?
答え: D · Light bedclothes, plenty of fluids and a prescribed antipyretic
これが答えになる理由
Light clothing, fluids and antipyretics such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) increase comfort and replace fluid lost through sweating. Very cold sponging causes shivering, which produces heat.
答え
D · Light bedclothes, plenty of fluids and a prescribed antipyretic
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · An infection or significant inflammation
これが答えになる理由
A raised white cell count with fever usually means the body is fighting an infection or major inflammation. The nurse reports it and looks for the source, including sepsis.
答え
D · An infection or significant inflammation
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · ACE 阻害薬の既知の副作用
これが答えになる理由
空咳はラミプリルなどの ACE 阻害薬のよくある副作用です。アンジオテンシン II 受容体拮抗薬に切り替えることがよくあります。
答え
A · ACE 阻害薬の既知の副作用
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · SIADH, often managed first with fluid restriction
これが答えになる理由
In SIADH, excess ADH makes the kidneys retain water, so blood sodium is diluted while urine is concentrated. Small cell lung cancer is a classic cause; fluid restriction is a common first step.
答え
D · SIADH, often managed first with fluid restriction
答え: A · Delirium, which needs the cause found quickly
これが答えになる理由
Delirium starts suddenly, over hours or days, and attention fluctuates. It often has a treatable cause such as infection, hypoxia or medication, so it is a priority to assess.
答え
A · Delirium, which needs the cause found quickly
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Breathing strength, such as vital capacity and the ability to cough
これが答えになる理由
Guillain-Barré syndrome causes ascending weakness that can involve the respiratory muscles. Falling vital capacity or a weak cough can mean the patient needs ventilation, so breathing is monitored closely.
答え
B · Breathing strength, such as vital capacity and the ability to cough
IV fluids dilute the blood, so the hemoglobin falls even without further bleeding. Ongoing bleeding must still be considered, so vital signs, wounds and repeat hemoglobin values are monitored.