Why is a slide sheet used to move a patient up the bed?
AIt warms the patient during the move
BIt keeps the bed clean during the move
CIt reduces friction and shear on the skin
DIt lets one nurse lift the patient alone
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
The daughter of a dying patient is upset that her mother has stopped eating. What is the best response?
AExplain that losing appetite is a natural part of dying
BTell her a feeding tube will be inserted straight away
CEncourage her to help her mother eat a full meal at every mealtime
DTell her it means the staff have not been feeding her mother
3.臨床看護学ふつう
In suspected sepsis, what should ideally be collected before the first dose of antibiotics, as long as it does not delay treatment?
AA stool sample for occult blood
BA 24-hour urine collection
CBlood cultures
DA fasting cholesterol level
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with metastatic breast cancer is confused and constipated, with a corrected calcium of 3.3 mmol/L (about 13.2 mg/dL). What is usually the first treatment?
AA high-calcium diet
BStrict fluid restriction to protect the kidneys
CIV fluid rehydration, followed by a bisphosphonate
One hour after a vaginal birth, the nurse finds a soft, boggy uterus and heavy bleeding. What is the first action?
AApply an ice pack to the perineum
BEncourage the patient to rest quietly
CMassage the fundus
DOffer a meal and fluids
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A child with sickle cell disease in a pain crisis develops chest pain, fever and an SpO₂ of 89%. What does this most likely mean?
AAn ordinary pain crisis that will improve with rest
BA minor chest infection that can safely wait until the morning round
CAnxiety that will settle with reassurance
DAcute chest syndrome, which needs urgent escalation and oxygen
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient with a severe latex allergy is booked for surgery. Which measure is commonly used?
AGive the patient antihistamines before surgery and then use the normal supplies
BWrap latex items in plastic before use
CUse latex-free supplies and schedule the patient as the first case of the day
DUse latex gloves only for short procedures
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Which position is especially dangerous for a patient in physical restraints?
ALying on the back with the head raised
BSitting upright in bed
CLying on the side
DLying face down (prone)
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with diabetes also takes propranolol. Why is regular glucose monitoring especially important?
AThe drug blocks the insulin injection site
BThe drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia
CThe drug stops the meter from reading correctly
DThe drug causes very high glucose in all patients
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient with blood pressure that is hard to control has a potassium of 2.9 mEq/L, a sodium of 144 mEq/L and a raised serum bicarbonate, without taking a diuretic. Which condition is most likely?
ASyndrome of inappropriate ADH
BPrimary hyperaldosteronism
CPrimary adrenal insufficiency
DCentral diabetes insipidus
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · It reduces friction and shear on the skin
これが答えになる理由
Slide sheets let the patient glide rather than be dragged, protecting the skin from friction and shear and reducing strain on staff.
答え
C · It reduces friction and shear on the skin
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Explain that losing appetite is a natural part of dying
これが答えになる理由
As death approaches, the need for food and fluid falls. Forcing food causes distress and aspiration. Mouth care and small amounts on request keep the patient comfortable.
答え
A · Explain that losing appetite is a natural part of dying
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Blood cultures
これが答えになる理由
Blood cultures taken before antibiotics are more likely to grow the organism, which allows targeted treatment later. Antibiotics should still be given promptly and must not be delayed.
答え
C · Blood cultures
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · IV fluid rehydration, followed by a bisphosphonate
これが答えになる理由
Hypercalcaemia of malignancy causes dehydration, so IV fluids are given first, followed by a bisphosphonate to reduce bone resorption. Calcium, renal function and fluid balance are monitored.
答え
C · IV fluid rehydration, followed by a bisphosphonate
Uterine atony is the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage. Fundal massage helps the uterus contract; the nurse then calls for help and gives prescribed uterotonics if bleeding continues.
答え
C · Massage the fundus
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Acute chest syndrome, which needs urgent escalation and oxygen
これが答えになる理由
Chest pain, fever and low oxygen in sickle cell disease suggest acute chest syndrome. It can worsen quickly, so oxygen, urgent review and prescribed treatment are needed.
答え
D · Acute chest syndrome, which needs urgent escalation and oxygen
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Use latex-free supplies and schedule the patient as the first case of the day
これが答えになる理由
Latex proteins can become airborne on glove powder and settle in the room. Using a latex-safe room and supplies and scheduling the patient first, when airborne latex is lowest, reduce the risk.
答え
C · Use latex-free supplies and schedule the patient as the first case of the day
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Lying face down (prone)
これが答えになる理由
Restraining a person face down can restrict breathing and has caused deaths from positional asphyxia. Restrained patients are positioned to protect the airway and are watched closely.
答え
D · Lying face down (prone)
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · The drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia
これが答えになる理由
Beta-blockers, especially nonselective ones, blunt adrenergic warning signs of hypoglycemia such as tremor and tachycardia, and they can delay recovery. Sweating usually remains. Glucose checks help detect lows that the patient may not feel.確認に用いた資料:Low blood sugar · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
B · The drug can mask warning signs of hypoglycemia
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Primary hyperaldosteronism
これが答えになる理由
Excess aldosterone causes sodium and water retention (hypertension), potassium loss (hypokalemia) and hydrogen ion loss (metabolic alkalosis). Adrenal insufficiency causes the opposite pattern, with low sodium and high potassium.確認に用いた資料:Primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Alkalosis · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2024)