A patient with type 1 diabetes has vomited since morning and cannot eat. Which action is most important?
ACheck the blood glucose and ketones and contact the provider
BEncourage a large meal to settle the stomach
CWait until tomorrow to see if the vomiting settles
DStop all insulin until the patient is able to eat normally again
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient has central chest pain that started 30 minutes ago at rest and has not eased with rest or nitroglycerin. What does this suggest?
AA possible myocardial infarction that needs urgent action
BMuscle strain that needs a warm compress
CIndigestion that is best treated with an antacid and a glass of milk
DStable angina that will pass without treatment
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
How should a portable oxygen cylinder be kept in a patient’s room?
ALying loose on the floor beside the bed
BPlaced next to a heater to keep it warm
CLaid on the bed next to the patient
DSecured upright in a stand or holder
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
導尿カテーテルが明らかに必要な場合に、カテーテル関連尿路感染症を最もよく予防する方法はどれですか?
A空にしやすいよう、定期的にバッグを接続から外す
Bバッグをベッドの上に置き、膀胱と同じ高さに保つ
C無菌的な挿入、閉鎖式システム、必要性の毎日の見直し
D清潔で付着物がない状態を保つため、毎日カテーテルを交換する
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
In the US, when is a pregnant woman without known risk factors usually screened for gestational diabetes?
AOnly after the baby is born
BAt about 6–8 weeks of pregnancy
CAt about 24–28 weeks of pregnancy
DAt about 38–40 weeks of pregnancy
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient without diabetes in the ICU with sepsis has a glucose of 260 mg/dL (14.4 mmol/L) and an HbA1c of 5.2%. What is the best interpretation?
ALong-standing undiagnosed type 2 diabetes
BStress hyperglycemia from acute illness
CA meter error, because HbA1c is normal
DType 1 diabetes from autoimmune damage
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · At eye level, reading the lowest point of the curved surface
これが答えになる理由
The cup is placed on a flat surface and read at eye level at the bottom of the meniscus. An oral syringe is more accurate for small volumes.
答え
B · At eye level, reading the lowest point of the curved surface
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
これが答えになる理由
Routine help with care for a stable patient can be delegated. Assessment, teaching and evaluation need registered nurse judgement.
答え
B · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · To reduce the risk of stroke from clots in the atria
これが答えになる理由
In AF the atria do not contract effectively, so blood can pool and clot, especially in the left atrial appendage. A clot can travel to the brain, so anticoagulation reduces stroke risk.
答え
B · To reduce the risk of stroke from clots in the atria
答え: A · Check the blood glucose and ketones and contact the provider
これが答えになる理由
Vomiting in type 1 diabetes can lead quickly to diabetic ketoacidosis. Glucose and ketones are checked and the provider is contacted; insulin is usually not stopped completely during illness.
答え
A · Check the blood glucose and ketones and contact the provider
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · A possible myocardial infarction that needs urgent action
これが答えになる理由
Chest pain that lasts and is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin suggests acute coronary syndrome, possibly a heart attack. The nurse acts at once: ECG, escalation and prescribed treatment.
答え
A · A possible myocardial infarction that needs urgent action
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Secured upright in a stand or holder
これが答えになる理由
Oxygen cylinders are under high pressure and can be damaged or cause injury if they fall. They are kept upright in a holder or cart, away from heat and flames.
Placental hormones increase insulin resistance in the second half of pregnancy, so US guidance recommends screening all women at 24–28 weeks, with earlier testing for those with risk factors. In the UK, NICE recommends an oral glucose tolerance test at 24–28 weeks only for women with risk factors.確認に用いた資料:Glucose screening tests during pregnancy · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Gestational diabetes · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
C · At about 24–28 weeks of pregnancy
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Stress hyperglycemia from acute illness
これが答えになる理由
Stress hormones and inflammation raise glucose in acute illness, even without diabetes. A normal HbA1c shows that glucose was normal over the previous months. Stress hyperglycemia is still treated, usually with insulin, because it worsens outcomes.確認に用いた資料:Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)