What happens in third-degree (complete) heart block?
ANo impulses from the atria reach the ventricles, so they beat independently
BEvery impulse reaches the ventricles, but each one is slightly delayed
CThe atria beat chaotically with no P waves, and the ventricular rate is irregular
DThe ventricles beat very fast and regularly
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with lung cancer develops swelling of the face and arms, distended neck veins and breathlessness that is worse lying down. What should be suspected?
答え: A · No impulses from the atria reach the ventricles, so they beat independently
これが答えになる理由
In complete heart block the atria and ventricles are dissociated, and a slow escape rhythm drives the ventricles. Patients may be dizzy or collapse and often need pacing.
答え
A · No impulses from the atria reach the ventricles, so they beat independently
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · Superior vena cava obstruction
これが答えになる理由
Superior vena cava obstruction prevents venous drainage from the head and arms. It is an oncological emergency; patients are positioned upright and need urgent specialist treatment.
答え: C · Relieve pressure on the cord by lifting the presenting part with a gloved hand
これが答えになる理由
In cord prolapse, the presenting part can compress the cord and cut off fetal oxygen. The nurse lifts the presenting part off the cord, calls for help and positions the patient (for example knee-chest) while urgent birth is arranged.
答え
C · Relieve pressure on the cord by lifting the presenting part with a gloved hand
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Diabetes insipidus
これが答えになる理由
Damage to the pituitary or hypothalamus can stop the release of antidiuretic hormone, causing diabetes insipidus. The patient loses water, so urine is dilute and sodium rises; SIADH causes the opposite.
答え
D · Diabetes insipidus
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · It is checked for electrical safety according to hospital policy before use
これが答えになる理由
Electrical items from home can be faulty and cause shocks or fires. Policies usually require them to be inspected before use, and extension cords near patients are avoided.
答え
B · It is checked for electrical safety according to hospital policy before use
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Stop the transfusion
これが答えになる理由
These signs suggest an acute transfusion reaction, possibly hemolytic. The nurse stops the transfusion at once, keeps the IV open with normal saline through new tubing, assesses the patient and notifies the provider and blood bank.
答え
C · Stop the transfusion
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Iron deficiency without anemia yet
これが答えになる理由
Iron stores (ferritin) are depleted before the hemoglobin falls. A low ferritin with a normal hemoglobin indicates iron deficiency without anemia, and it is usually treated, along with the cause of blood loss.確認に用いた資料:Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Iron deficiency anemia - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Iron deficiency without anemia yet
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Alcohol-related liver disease
これが答えになる理由
An AST:ALT ratio of about 2:1 or more with a high GGT is typical of alcohol-related liver disease. In acute viral hepatitis ALT is usually higher than AST and often very high; bile-duct obstruction mainly raises ALP.