A patient is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which prescribed treatment is usually started first?
AOral potassium tablets
BSubcutaneous long-acting insulin only, given once
CA high-carbohydrate meal
DIV isotonic fluid such as 0.9% sodium chloride
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Two weeks after birth, a mother says she hears voices telling her the baby is evil. What is the priority?
AAdvise more sleep and book a routine follow-up visit for next month
BKeep the mother and baby safe and arrange urgent psychiatric care
CReassure her that this is normal “baby blues”
DLeave her alone with the baby to bond
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
インスリンやヘパリンの持続注入など一部の薬に、独立したダブルチェックを行うのはなぜですか?
A第二の人が別々に確認することで、見落とした誤りを発見できるから
B準備の過程を速くするため
C誤りが起きたとき、2人の看護師で責任を分担するため
Dこれらの薬は無駄にすると非常に高価だから
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A flexible bronchoscope contacts mucous membranes but does not enter sterile tissue. Which level of processing is required at a minimum between patients?
Which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pattern most strongly suggests bacterial meningitis?
AClear fluid, high glucose, low protein, many red cells
BClear fluid, normal glucose, mildly raised protein, lymphocytes
CCloudy fluid, low glucose, high protein, many neutrophils
DClear fluid, normal glucose, normal protein, no white cells
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · When the sounds disappear completely
これが答えになる理由
The first clear sound marks the systolic pressure; in adults the point at which the sounds disappear (phase 5) is recorded as diastolic.
答え
B · When the sounds disappear completely
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Move the patient away from immediate danger
これが答えになる理由
The first priority is to rescue anyone in immediate danger, then raise the alarm, contain the fire by closing doors and only then try to extinguish it if safe. Opening windows feeds a fire with oxygen.
答え
C · Move the patient away from immediate danger
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
これが答えになる理由
In nephrotic syndrome, damaged glomeruli leak protein, so albumin falls and fluid moves into tissues, causing oedema. Cholesterol is often raised too.
答え
D · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · Intramuscular injection into the anterolateral thigh
これが答えになる理由
IM adrenaline into the outer thigh is absorbed quickly and is the first-line route. IV adrenaline is reserved for experienced specialists with full monitoring because of the risk of arrhythmias.
答え
B · Intramuscular injection into the anterolateral thigh
答え: D · IV isotonic fluid such as 0.9% sodium chloride
これが答えになる理由
Patients with DKA are severely dehydrated, so IV isotonic fluid is started first. IV insulin follows, with close monitoring of potassium, which can fall quickly.
答え
D · IV isotonic fluid such as 0.9% sodium chloride
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Keep the mother and baby safe and arrange urgent psychiatric care
これが答えになる理由
Hallucinations and delusions after birth suggest postpartum psychosis, a psychiatric emergency with risk to mother and baby. Safety and urgent specialist care are the priorities.
答え
B · Keep the mother and baby safe and arrange urgent psychiatric care
Items that touch mucous membranes or non-intact skin are semi-critical and need at least high-level disinfection after thorough cleaning. Inadequate reprocessing of endoscopes has caused outbreaks.
答え: C · Cloudy fluid, low glucose, high protein, many neutrophils
これが答えになる理由
Bacterial meningitis typically gives cloudy CSF with many neutrophils, high protein and low glucose, because bacteria and white cells use glucose. Viral meningitis usually shows lymphocytes with a normal glucose; option C is normal CSF.確認に用いた資料:CSF glucose test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); CSF cell count · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); CSF total protein · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
C · Cloudy fluid, low glucose, high protein, many neutrophils