A nurse has called the rapid response team for a deteriorating patient. What should the nurse do while waiting for the team?
ALeave the patient for a few minutes to find the relatives and explain what is happening
BStay with the patient, give oxygen as prescribed and have recent vital signs ready
CGo to the station to finish documentation for other patients
DGive a dose of every as-needed medication on the chart
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which finding most suggests a tension pneumothorax rather than a simple pneumothorax?
ASharp chest pain that is worse on deep breathing
BMild breathlessness with reduced breath sounds on one side of the chest only
CTrachea shifted away from the affected side, with low blood pressure
DA small air leak seen on a routine chest X-ray
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
病院の火災では、患者の移動手段として通常避けるのはどれですか?
A階段
Bベッドを防火扉の向こうへ押していくこと
Cエレベーター
D同じ階の防火扉の向こうの別の区域へ水平に移動すること
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
An audit shows poor hand hygiene compliance on a ward. Which plan is most likely to improve it?
AA combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
BA single poster about hand hygiene placed in the staff room
CDisciplining staff who are seen not cleaning their hands, with no other change
DRemoving all sinks so staff must use hand rub
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient had a total gastrectomy. Which long-term therapy is needed to prevent anemia?
ALifelong vitamin B12 replacement
BWeekly doses of oral vitamin K tablets
CMonthly transfusions of red blood cells
DLifelong oral folic acid tablets only
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient with thrombocytopenia (platelets 25 × 10³/µL) about home safety. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I'll take aspirin if I get a headache"
B"I'll blow my nose gently, not forcefully"
C"I'll use a soft-bristled toothbrush"
D"I'll use an electric razor to shave"
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · 無菌操作
これが答えになる理由
尿道カテーテルは、カテーテル関連尿路感染を減らすため、無菌操作と滅菌物品で挿入します。
答え
A · 無菌操作
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Stress incontinence
これが答えになる理由
Stress incontinence occurs when raised abdominal pressure overcomes weak pelvic floor support. Pelvic floor exercises are a first-line treatment. Urge incontinence is a sudden strong need to void.
答え
C · Stress incontinence
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · An air leak, from the lung or from the drainage system
これが答えになる理由
Bubbling with breathing in a drain for pneumothorax shows air is leaving the pleural space. Continuous bubbling can also mean a leak in the connections, so the system is checked and the finding reported.
答え
D · An air leak, from the lung or from the drainage system
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Type 1 respiratory failure
これが答えになる理由
Type 1 respiratory failure is hypoxaemia without hypercapnia, as in pneumonia or pulmonary embolism. Type 2 includes a raised PaCO2 from inadequate ventilation, as in COPD exacerbations.
答え: B · Stay with the patient, give oxygen as prescribed and have recent vital signs ready
これが答えになる理由
The nurse stays with the patient, starts basic support such as oxygen as prescribed and prepares a clear handover. Leaving the patient or giving unrelated medications is unsafe.
答え
B · Stay with the patient, give oxygen as prescribed and have recent vital signs ready
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Trachea shifted away from the affected side, with low blood pressure
これが答えになる理由
In tension pneumothorax, trapped air pushes the mediastinum to the other side, reducing venous return and blood pressure. It is life-threatening and needs immediate decompression.
答え
C · Trachea shifted away from the affected side, with low blood pressure
答え: A · A combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
これが答えになる理由
Multimodal strategies, such as easy access to hand rub at the point of care, training, reminders, audits with feedback and leadership support, improve hand hygiene more than single actions.
答え
A · A combined approach with education, hand rub at every bedside, regular audits and feedback
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Lifelong vitamin B12 replacement
これが答えになる理由
Intrinsic factor from the stomach is needed to absorb vitamin B12 in the ileum. After a total gastrectomy, B12 must be replaced for life, usually by injection, to prevent macrocytic anemia and nerve damage.確認に用いた資料:Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia - Causes · NHS (2023); Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
A · Lifelong vitamin B12 replacement
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · "I'll take aspirin if I get a headache"
これが答えになる理由
Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet function and raises the bleeding risk further in thrombocytopenia, so it and other NSAIDs are avoided unless prescribed. An electric razor, gentle nose blowing and a soft toothbrush reduce minor bleeding.確認に用いた資料:Bleeding and Bruising (Thrombocytopenia) and Cancer Treatment · National Cancer Institute (NIH) (2022); Aspirin · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)