An older patient becomes confused over a few hours, with attention that comes and goes. What does this suggest?
AA personality change that is permanent and expected
BLong-standing dementia that is expected
CNormal aging that needs no action
DDelirium, which needs the cause found quickly
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
外科病棟で、看護師が最初に診るべき術後の患者はどれですか?
A人工肛門造設術の 2 日後:ストーマは湿ってピンク色で、排出物は少量
B前立腺手術後の膀胱洗浄中:薄いピンク色の尿で、凝血はない
C頸動脈内膜剥離術の 6 時間後:頸部の腫れが増し、飲み込みにくいと言う
D股関節置換術の 2 日後:動くと痛みが 5/10、鎮痛薬は 1 時間前に投与した
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Why are some patients screened with a nasal swab for MRSA on admission?
ATo check whether the patient is allergic to penicillin before surgery
BTo measure the patient’s immunity to MRSA
CTo find carriers so precautions or decolonization can be used
DTo diagnose a sinus infection
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse teaches a patient about care of a surgical incision at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will keep the dressing clean and dry as I was shown.”
B“If the wound gets red and drains pus, I will wait for my appointment next month.”
C“I will wash my hands with soap before I touch or change the dressing.”
D“I will call the clinic if I get a fever or more pain around the wound.”
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
Why must a blue-top (citrate) coagulation tube be filled to the correct level?
AAn overfull tube is needed to measure the potassium level
BUnderfilled tubes always give a falsely low hemoglobin and hematocrit
CThe blood-to-anticoagulant ratio must be right for accurate clotting times
DThe laboratory charges extra when a tube is not filled correctly
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
At the start of a shift, the nurse reviews four new results. Which patient needs attention first?
AGlucose 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) after a meal in a patient with diabetes
BSodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting
CPotassium 5.2 mEq/L in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
DHemoglobin 11.0 g/dL (110 g/L) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · From the incision outwards, using a new swab for each stroke
これが答えになる理由
The incision is the cleanest area, so cleaning moves from it outwards. Using a fresh swab each time avoids bringing skin bacteria back into the wound.
答え
D · From the incision outwards, using a new swab for each stroke
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Dehydration from fluid loss
これが答えになる理由
Diarrhoea causes loss of water and electrolytes. Postural dizziness and concentrated low-volume urine show dehydration, which needs fluid replacement, electrolyte checks and close monitoring.
答え
B · Dehydration from fluid loss
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Blood cultures
これが答えになる理由
Blood cultures taken before antibiotics are more likely to grow the organism, which allows targeted treatment later. Antibiotics should still be given promptly and must not be delayed.
答え: D · Delirium, which needs the cause found quickly
これが答えになる理由
Delirium starts suddenly, over hours or days, and attention fluctuates. It often has a treatable cause such as infection, hypoxia or medication, so it is a priority to assess.
答え: C · To find carriers so precautions or decolonization can be used
これが答えになる理由
Screening identifies people who are colonized with MRSA, often in the nose. Precautions and, in some cases, decolonization reduce spread and the risk of the patient’s own infection after surgery.
答え
C · To find carriers so precautions or decolonization can be used
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · “If the wound gets red and drains pus, I will wait for my appointment next month.”
これが答えになる理由
Increasing redness, purulent drainage, fever and worsening pain are signs of surgical site infection and should be reported promptly. Waiting a month could allow the infection to spread.
答え
B · “If the wound gets red and drains pus, I will wait for my appointment next month.”
17.検査値と電解質
答え: C · The blood-to-anticoagulant ratio must be right for accurate clotting times
これが答えになる理由
Citrate tubes contain a set volume of anticoagulant. If the tube is underfilled, the extra citrate falsely prolongs the PT and aPTT, so the laboratory may reject the sample.
答え
C · The blood-to-anticoagulant ratio must be right for accurate clotting times
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Sodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting
これが答えになる理由
Severe hyponatremia with confusion and vomiting suggests cerebral edema and can progress to seizures and coma. The other results are mildly abnormal and expected for those conditions, so they are less urgent.確認に用いた資料:Low blood sodium - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Sodium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · Sodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting