A patient with delirium tries to leave the ward at night, saying they are going home, and would be at serious risk outside. What is correct (England and Wales)?
ALock them in a side room until the morning for their own safety
BLet them leave, as all adults are free to go wherever they like
CAssess capacity and, if it is lacking, act in their best interests
DGive a sedative without asking anyone
3.臨床看護学ふつう
An older adult has left lower abdominal pain, fever and a raised CRP. Which condition is most likely?
AAppendicitis
BBiliary colic
CDiverticulitis
DGastric ulcer
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with new fast atrial fibrillation has chest pain, a blood pressure of 75/40 mmHg and is confused. What does this indicate?
AA normal response to atrial fibrillation needing no action
BA stable rhythm that can safely be reviewed at the next routine ward round
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 95 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 1.3 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 63 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 16 時間、50 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 10 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
95 kg1.3 g/kg/日63 g/L50 mL/h · 16 h10 g/スクープ
n =
10.経腸栄養・静脈栄養の計算むずかしい
練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 重症の女性は身長 175 cm、体重 160 kg です。練習用プロトコルでは、BMI が 30 以上 40 kg/m² 未満なら理想体重(デヴァイン式)1 kg あたり 1 日 2 g、BMI が 40 kg/m² 以上なら理想体重 1 kg あたり 1 日 2.5 g のタンパク質を投与します。タンパク質の目標量 P を g/日で求めてください。 最も近い整数に丸めてください。
A patient has a chest drain for a pneumothorax. The nurse sees constant bubbling in the water-seal chamber. What does this most likely mean?
AThe suction is set too low and needs to be turned up
BThe drain is working normally and no action is needed
CAn air leak in the patient or the system that needs checking
DThe lung has fully re-expanded, so the drain is ready to come out
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient is on suicide precautions. Which room safety measure is appropriate?
ALet the patient keep a personal razor for shaving, as long as staff are told
BKeep the door closed at all times so the patient has privacy
CAllow glass bottles if the patient seems calm
DRemove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts and cords
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse calls a provider using SBAR about a patient with falling blood pressure. Which statement is the “Recommendation”?
A“He is 72 and had a bowel resection yesterday.”
B“His blood pressure has fallen from 130/80 to 88/50 over the last two hours.”
C“I think he needs to be assessed now. Can you come within the next 15 minutes?”
D“I am calling about Mr. Jansen in room 12, who is hypotensive.”
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
高カルシウム血症に合致する所見の組み合わせはどれですか?
A唯一のサインとしての、非常に薄い尿を伴う口渇
B便秘、疲労、錯乱、腎結石
Cテタニー、筋肉のこむら返り、陽性のクボステック徴候
D尖った T 波と筋力低下のみ
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient who is starting warfarin. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will keep my intake of green leafy vegetables about the same"
B"I will tell my dentist and pharmacist that I take warfarin"
C"If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
D"I will have my INR checked as often as I am told to"
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · 正確な記録は安全なケアの継続を支え、法的な記録になるから
これが答えになる理由
その場での記録はチームに患者の状態を伝え、判断を支え、提供したケアの法的な証拠となります。
答え
C · 正確な記録は安全なケアの継続を支え、法的な記録になるから
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Assess capacity and, if it is lacking, act in their best interests
これが答えになる理由
A delirious patient may lack capacity for this decision. Staff can take reasonable, proportionate steps in their best interests, such as calm persuasion and close supervision, while seeking medical review.
答え
C · Assess capacity and, if it is lacking, act in their best interests
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · Diverticulitis
これが答えになる理由
Diverticulitis is inflammation of diverticula, usually in the sigmoid colon, so pain is typically in the left iliac fossa. It is common in older adults.
A tachyarrhythmia with adverse features such as shock, myocardial ischaemia or reduced consciousness is unstable. Urgent senior help is needed, and synchronised cardioversion is often used.
答え
C · Haemodynamic instability needing urgent treatment, possibly electrical cardioversion
答え: C · An air leak in the patient or the system that needs checking
これが答えになる理由
Continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber signals an air leak. The nurse checks the connections from the patient to the drain and reports a leak that cannot be fixed.
答え
C · An air leak in the patient or the system that needs checking
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Remove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts and cords
これが答えになる理由
Patients at risk of suicide need a safe environment, with belts, cords, sharp objects and glass removed, and observation at the level ordered. Privacy is secondary to safety in this situation.
答え
D · Remove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts and cords
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · “I think he needs to be assessed now. Can you come within the next 15 minutes?”
これが答えになる理由
In SBAR, the situation names the problem, the background gives the history, the assessment shares the nurse’s findings and judgement, and the recommendation states a clear request with a time frame.
答え
C · “I think he needs to be assessed now. Can you come within the next 15 minutes?”
答え: C · "If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"
これが答えになる理由
Doubling a missed warfarin dose can raise the INR and cause bleeding; the patient should follow the prescriber's instructions, usually taking the missed dose the same day or skipping it. A steady vitamin K intake, regular INR checks and telling other providers are correct.
答え
C · "If I miss a dose, I will take two tablets the next day"