DMild jaundice that first appears on the third day
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A victim heavily contaminated with an industrial chemical arrives at the emergency department with stable vital signs. What should happen first?
ADecontamination before the victim enters the treatment area
BTaking the victim straight to the X-ray department
CPlacing the victim in the waiting room until a doctor is free
DFull assessment inside the main department straight away
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A portable x-ray is taken at the bedside. Which action protects the nurse?
AStand next to the patient and hold the film without protection
BStep away from the patient or wear a lead apron during the exposure
CLook directly at the x-ray tube during the exposure to check its position
DStay close to the patient to keep them still without protection
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse asks a colleague to “just glance” at an insulin infusion before starting it. What makes a check truly independent?
AThe second nurse checks the order, drug, dose and pump settings separately without being told the answer
BThe second nurse signs the record after the infusion has already been started by the first
CThe second nurse looks at the bag label from the doorway
DThe first nurse reads the details aloud and the second agrees
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?
ABlood glucose
BSerum lipase
CHemoglobin A1c
DThyroid hormones
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient stopped long-term prednisone suddenly a week ago. Now: blood pressure 78/46 mm Hg, sodium 128 mEq/L, potassium 4.6 mEq/L, glucose 58 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L). Which condition is most likely?
AAcute adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis)
BPrimary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
CSyndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
DCushing syndrome from steroid excess
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · 無菌操作
これが答えになる理由
尿道カテーテルは、カテーテル関連尿路感染を減らすため、無菌操作と滅菌物品で挿入します。
答え
A · 無菌操作
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Anticipatory grief
これが答えになる理由
Anticipatory grief happens before an expected death. It is a normal reaction, and nurses can support it by listening and involving the family in care.
答え
A · Anticipatory grief
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · A nebulised or inhaled short-acting beta2-agonist (salbutamol/albuterol)
これが答えになる理由
Short-acting beta2-agonists relieve bronchospasm within minutes. Oxygen to target, steroids and other treatments are added according to severity.
答え
A · A nebulised or inhaled short-acting beta2-agonist (salbutamol/albuterol)
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · "I will rub the area firmly after the injection."
これが答えになる理由
Rubbing the site after an anticoagulant injection increases bruising and is avoided. Rotating sites, injecting subcutaneously and reporting bleeding are correct.
答え
A · "I will rub the area firmly after the injection."
答え: C · Jaundice that appears within the first 24 hours
これが答えになる理由
Jaundice in the first 24 hours is not physiological and may point to hemolysis or infection. Mild jaundice after the first day, milia and acrocyanosis are common, expected findings.
答え
C · Jaundice that appears within the first 24 hours
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Decontamination before the victim enters the treatment area
これが答えになる理由
A stable, contaminated victim is decontaminated before entering the department, to protect staff, other patients and the victim. Life-saving care may come first only if the victim is unstable.
答え
A · Decontamination before the victim enters the treatment area
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Step away from the patient or wear a lead apron during the exposure
これが答えになる理由
Radiation exposure falls quickly with distance. Staff leave the immediate area or wear a lead apron, and anyone who must hold a patient wears protective clothing.
答え
B · Step away from the patient or wear a lead apron during the exposure
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · The second nurse checks the order, drug, dose and pump settings separately without being told the answer
これが答えになる理由
In an independent double check, the second person works through each step on their own, then the two results are compared. Reading the answer aloud or glancing invites confirmation bias.
答え
A · The second nurse checks the order, drug, dose and pump settings separately without being told the answer
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Blood glucose
これが答えになる理由
PN contains concentrated dextrose, so hyperglycemia is common, especially at the start; glucose is checked frequently and insulin may be needed. Electrolytes, including phosphate, magnesium and potassium, are also monitored for refeeding syndrome.
答え
A · Blood glucose
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Acute adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis)
これが答えになる理由
Long-term glucocorticoids suppress the body's own cortisol production; stopping them suddenly can cause adrenal crisis. Lack of cortisol causes hypotension, hyponatremia and hypoglycemia. Aldosterone is usually still made, so potassium is often normal; high potassium suggests primary adrenal failure. Treatment is IV hydrocortisone and fluids as prescribed.