Using the Emergency Severity Index, which level fits a 70-year-old with chest pressure that suggests a heart attack, but normal vital signs?
ALevel 1
BLevel 5
CLevel 4
DLevel 2
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An adult has burns over 40% of the body with no signs of airway injury. Which treatment is the priority during the first hours?
AStarting physiotherapy to prevent contractures straight away
BLarge-volume IV fluids with close monitoring of urine output
CApplying antibiotic cream to all the burns before anything else
DGiving a high-protein meal to support healing
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
How is a urine specimen for culture obtained from an indwelling catheter?
ABy removing the catheter and sending its tip for culture
BFrom the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
CBy disconnecting the catheter from the drainage tubing
DFrom the urine already collected in the drainage bag at the bedside
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse caring for a patient with influenza on droplet precautions will assist with an aerosol-generating procedure, such as bronchoscopy. What change in PPE is needed?
AWear two surgical masks, one on top of the other, for the length of the procedure
BWear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
CNo change, because influenza only needs droplet precautions
DWear gloves only, because the procedure is short
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?
ADigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
BSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
CThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
DThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
答え: D · Pregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
これが答えになる理由
Someone who has never had chickenpox can catch chickenpox from contact with shingles blisters. Non-immune pregnant and immunocompromised people are at particular risk, so lesions are covered and precautions followed.
答え
D · Pregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
Possible acute coronary syndrome is a high-risk situation, so the patient is ESI level 2 and should be seen very soon. Level 1 is kept for patients who need an immediate life-saving intervention.
答え
D · Level 2
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Large-volume IV fluids with close monitoring of urine output
これが答えになる理由
Once the airway is secure, the early priority in major burns is fluid resuscitation to prevent burn shock. Urine output is a key guide to whether enough fluid is being given.
答え
B · Large-volume IV fluids with close monitoring of urine output
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · From the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
これが答えになる理由
Urine in the bag is old and may contain extra bacteria, and disconnecting the system lets organisms in. The sample is taken from the sampling port with a sterile syringe after disinfecting the port.
答え
B · From the sampling port, after cleaning it, using aseptic technique
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
これが答えになる理由
Aerosol-generating procedures can spread influenza in small particles that a surgical mask does not filter well. Staff wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 in the US, FFP3 in the UK), eye protection, gown and gloves, and the number of people in the room is kept low.
答え
B · Wear a fit-tested respirator (N95 or FFP3) and eye protection instead of a surgical mask
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
これが答えになる理由
Blood in the upper gut is digested, and the absorbed protein is converted to urea, so the BUN rises out of proportion to the creatinine. Reduced kidney blood flow from volume loss can add to the rise.確認に用いた資料:BUN - blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea