A small blood spill is found on the ward floor. What is the correct approach?
ALeave it for the domestic staff to clean at the end of the day
BCover it with a sheet so no one steps in it
CWipe it up with a paper towel without gloves, then wash your hands well afterwards
DWear gloves and an apron and clean it with an approved disinfectant per policy
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
While counting an apical pulse, the nurse finds the rhythm is irregularly irregular and the radial rate is lower than the apical rate. Which rhythm is most likely?
ASinus tachycardia
BAtrial fibrillation
CNormal sinus rhythm
DSinus bradycardia
3.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with renal colic is asked to pass urine through a strainer. Why?
ATo catch any stone so that it can be analysed
BTo remove bacteria from the urine
CTo measure the urine's pH and specific gravity
DTo make passing urine less painful
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient on metformin with reduced kidney function is due a CT scan with IV contrast. Why might metformin be withheld?
AThere is a risk of lactic acidosis if kidney function worsens
BMetformin causes severe bleeding during scans
CMetformin reacts with the contrast to cause severe hyperglycaemia
Which patient should the RN see first after receiving a report from the night nurse?
ADay 2 after bowel surgery, asking to start a soft diet
BDay 3 after bowel surgery, wants a shower and hair wash before breakfast
CDay 1 after bowel surgery, new chest pain and heart rate 110/min
DDay 4 after bowel surgery, waiting for discharge teaching
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with a head injury has a pupil on one side that is now large and does not react to light. What should the nurse do?
ARecheck it at the next routine observation in four hours
BDim the room lights so the pupil can get smaller
CReport it at once, as it may mean the brain is being compressed
DDocument it, because pupils often differ slightly after a head injury
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A patient has a weak left leg. Which instruction about using a cane is correct?
AHold the cane in the left hand, on the weaker side
BHold the cane in the right hand, on the stronger side
CKeep the cane well out to the side, away from the body
DMove the cane and the right leg forward together
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
Which patient with a suspected infection meets at least two SIRS criteria?
ARespiratory rate 16/min and WBC 8,000/mm3
BTemperature 36.8 °C and respiratory rate 18/min
CTemperature 37.2 °C and heart rate 80/min
DTemperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
高カルシウム血症に合致する所見の組み合わせはどれですか?
A唯一のサインとしての、非常に薄い尿を伴う口渇
Bテタニー、筋肉のこむら返り、陽性のクボステック徴候
C便秘、疲労、錯乱、腎結石
D尖った T 波と筋力低下のみ
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A frail older adult in a nursing home has been drinking very little during a heat wave. She is confused, and her sodium is 158 mEq/L. Which treatment would the nurse expect?
ARapid infusion of 3% saline to raise the volume
BA loop diuretic to remove the extra sodium quickly
CStrict fluid restriction to below 800 mL a day
DGradual replacement of free water over many hours
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Wear gloves and an apron and clean it with an approved disinfectant per policy
これが答えになる理由
Under standard precautions all blood is handled as potentially infectious. Spills are cleaned promptly using PPE and the spill kit or disinfectant set out in local policy.
答え
D · Wear gloves and an apron and clean it with an approved disinfectant per policy
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Atrial fibrillation
これが答えになる理由
Atrial fibrillation gives an irregularly irregular pulse, and some beats are too weak to be felt at the wrist, causing a pulse deficit. It should be reported and confirmed with an ECG.
答え
B · Atrial fibrillation
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · To catch any stone so that it can be analysed
これが答えになる理由
Collecting a passed stone allows its composition to be identified, which helps guide diet and treatment to prevent recurrence.
答え
A · To catch any stone so that it can be analysed
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · There is a risk of lactic acidosis if kidney function worsens
これが答えになる理由
Iodinated contrast can worsen kidney function, and metformin can then accumulate and cause lactic acidosis. Local policy guides when to stop and restart it.
答え
A · There is a risk of lactic acidosis if kidney function worsens
答え: C · Day 1 after bowel surgery, new chest pain and heart rate 110/min
これが答えになる理由
New chest pain and tachycardia after surgery could be a myocardial infarction or pulmonary embolism. This patient needs immediate assessment; the others have routine needs.
答え
C · Day 1 after bowel surgery, new chest pain and heart rate 110/min
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Report it at once, as it may mean the brain is being compressed
これが答えになる理由
A newly fixed, dilated pupil suggests pressure on the third cranial nerve from rising intracranial pressure or a bleed. It is a neurological emergency that needs immediate escalation.
答え
C · Report it at once, as it may mean the brain is being compressed
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Hold the cane in the right hand, on the stronger side
これが答えになる理由
The cane is held on the strong side and moved forward with the weak leg, so it shares the weight that the weak leg cannot take. It is kept close to the body for stability.
答え
B · Hold the cane in the right hand, on the stronger side
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Temperature 38.6 °C and heart rate 112/min
これが答えになる理由
SIRS criteria include a temperature above 38 °C or below 36 °C, heart rate above 90/min, respiratory rate above 20/min and a WBC above 12,000 or below 4,000/mm3. Only the first patient meets two.
答え: D · Gradual replacement of free water over many hours
これが答えになる理由
Older adults have a reduced sense of thirst and easily develop hypernatremia from water loss. Free water is replaced gradually, because lowering sodium too quickly can cause cerebral edema. Hypertonic saline and fluid restriction would make it worse.
答え
D · Gradual replacement of free water over many hours