A patient with a small leg wound has severe pain out of proportion to the skin changes, rapidly spreading redness and signs of sepsis. What should be suspected?
AAn allergic reaction to the dressing
BA superficial bruise
CNecrotising fasciitis
DSimple cellulitis that will settle with oral antibiotics
Which telephone call should a clinic nurse return first?
AAn adult asking for a repeat prescription for a statin
BA parent of a 5-year-old with a runny nose for two days
CA parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
DAn adult who wants to move a routine blood test appointment
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A 2-month-old infant has a spiral fracture of the femur. The parents say the baby rolled off the sofa. What should the nurse recognize?
AInfants of this age often roll off furniture and break bones in this way
BNo further action is needed once the fracture is treated
CA spiral fracture in an infant is always caused by birth trauma
DThe injury does not fit the infant’s development, so possible abuse must be reported
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A family member tells the nurse, “My father is not himself. Something is wrong.” The hospital has a family-activated rapid response system. What is correct?
AThe family must wait for the next scheduled ward round to raise the concern with a doctor
BThe family can call the rapid response team if they are worried and staff have not responded
COnly doctors may call the rapid response team
DThe family should call emergency services from outside the hospital
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient on long-term high-dose corticosteroids asks for the nasal spray influenza vaccine. What should the nurse explain?
AThe nasal spray is the best choice for people on steroids, because it is not injected
BEither type is fine, as long as it is given in the morning
CPeople on steroids should never have any influenza vaccine
DThe nasal spray is a live vaccine, so the injected inactivated vaccine is used instead
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with central diabetes insipidus starts desmopressin. Which laboratory result is most important to monitor for an adverse effect?
ASerum glucose, which may rise very high
BSerum potassium, which may rise too high
CSerum calcium, which may rise too high
DSerum sodium, which may fall too low
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient on clozapine reports a sore throat and fever. The ANC is 400/µL (0.4 × 10⁹/L). What should the nurse do?
AHold the clozapine and report the result at once
BGive the next dose and recheck the ANC next month
答え: C · Cool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
これが答えになる理由
Cool running water for about 20 minutes reduces pain and depth of injury. Ice can damage tissue further, grease holds heat in, and blisters are left intact to protect the skin.
答え
C · Cool the burn under cool running water for about 20 minutes
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · 緊張性気胸
これが答えになる理由
緊張性気胸は命に関わり、ただちに減圧が必要です。気管の偏位は遅れて現れるサインです。
答え
B · 緊張性気胸
4.臨床看護学
答え: C · Necrotising fasciitis
これが答えになる理由
Necrotising fasciitis spreads rapidly along fascia; severe pain, systemic toxicity and fast progression are key warning signs. It is a surgical emergency needing urgent debridement and IV antibiotics.
答え: C · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
これが答えになる理由
A fever in an infant under about 3 months old needs urgent assessment, because serious bacterial infection is more likely and signs can be subtle. The other calls are routine.
答え
C · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · The injury does not fit the infant’s development, so possible abuse must be reported
これが答えになる理由
Most 2-month-olds cannot roll, and a spiral fracture in a non-mobile infant suggests a twisting force. Nurses must report suspected abuse according to law and policy.
答え
D · The injury does not fit the infant’s development, so possible abuse must be reported
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · The family can call the rapid response team if they are worried and staff have not responded
これが答えになる理由
Family-activated rapid response systems allow patients and families to call for help directly when they notice a worrying change. The nurse should also take the concern seriously and assess the patient.
答え
B · The family can call the rapid response team if they are worried and staff have not responded
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · The nasal spray is a live vaccine, so the injected inactivated vaccine is used instead
これが答えになる理由
The nasal spray influenza vaccine contains live, weakened virus and is avoided in immunosuppressed people. The inactivated injectable vaccine is safe and recommended for them.
答え
D · The nasal spray is a live vaccine, so the injected inactivated vaccine is used instead
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Serum sodium, which may fall too low
これが答えになる理由
Desmopressin acts like ADH, so the kidneys retain water. If the patient drinks too much, water retention can cause hyponatremia, which may lead to confusion and seizures. Sodium, weight and fluid balance are monitored.
答え
D · Serum sodium, which may fall too low
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Hold the clozapine and report the result at once
これが答えになる理由
An ANC below 500/µL is severe neutropenia, and with fever and sore throat it suggests a serious infection. Clozapine is held, the provider is told immediately, and infection is assessed and treated. A nurse never changes a dose without a prescription.
答え
A · Hold the clozapine and report the result at once