練習問題(数値は架空のもので、臨床上の指針ではありません)。 体重 53 kg の患者は、1日に体重1 kgあたり 1.2 g のたんぱく質を必要とします。経管栄養剤は1リットルあたり 40 g のたんぱく質を含み、1日 24 時間、50 mL/h で投与されます。 たんぱく質パウダーは1スクープあたり 6 g のたんぱく質を供給します。不足分を補うには、1日に何スクープ n が必要ですか。1スクープ単位に切り上げてください。
A nurse teaches a patient about storing insulin at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will keep my spare insulin in the freezer so it lasts longer.”
B“I will check the expiry date on the label before I use the vial.”
C“I will keep unopened insulin in the fridge.”
D“I will not leave my insulin in a hot car.”
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
看護師が最初に対応すべき看護助手の報告はどれですか?
A今朝の腰椎固定術の後、脚の感覚がなく動かせない
B糖尿病の患者が、いつもどおり足がよくピリピリすると言う
C安静臥床の患者が、便器を求めている
D肺炎の患者が黄色い痰を出した
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A nurse gives part of a dose of an opioid from a vial and must discard the rest. What is correct?
AKeep the rest for the patient’s next dose
BDiscard it alone in the sink and document the amount wasted later in the shift
CReturn the rest to the patient’s medication drawer
DDiscard it in front of a second licensed (registered) nurse, who witnesses and documents it
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient receiving chemotherapy has an absolute neutrophil count of 400/mm3 (0.4 × 109/L) and a new temperature of 38.3 °C (100.9 °F). What should the nurse do?
AReport it at once, because fever with severe neutropenia is an emergency
BGive an antipyretic and reassess at the next routine round
CEncourage oral fluids and record the result in the chart
DRecheck the temperature in four hours before calling anyone about it
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
患者の血小板数が 18 × 10³/µL です。適切な看護はどれですか?
A柔らかい歯ブラシ、電気カミソリ、筋肉内注射をしない
B1 日 2 回のデンタルフロスと、鋭利なカミソリの刃での髭剃りを勧める
C正確さのために、4 時間ごとに直腸で体温を測定する
D頭痛のときに、処方されたアスピリンを投与する
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
硫酸マグネシウムの静脈内投与中に、中毒を早期に発見するのに最も役立つアセスメントはどれですか?
A腸蠕動音と腹囲
B1 時間ごとの血糖と瞳孔の大きさ
C1 時間ごとの皮膚の色と毛細血管再充満時間
D膝蓋腱反射、呼吸数、尿量
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: B · Check the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
これが答えになる理由
Information is shared only with people the patient has agreed to, and the caller's identity is checked as per policy. Often only limited information is given by phone.
答え
B · Check the patient's wishes and the caller's identity first
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · "I'll take a strong laxative every day just in case."
これが答えになる理由
Fluids, fibre, activity and responding to the urge prevent constipation. Taking stimulant laxatives every day without need is not advised and can lead to dependence and electrolyte problems.
答え
C · "I'll take a strong laxative every day just in case."
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Encouraging fluids, fibre and mobility
これが答えになる理由
Adequate fluids, a fibre-rich diet, mobility and privacy for toileting help prevent constipation. Laxatives are added if needed, especially with opioids.
答え
A · Encouraging fluids, fibre and mobility
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · Medicines reconciliation against reliable sources, such as primary care records
これが答えになる理由
Medicines reconciliation compares several sources to produce an accurate medication list. It finds omissions, duplications and errors, and is especially important in older people with polypharmacy.
答え
D · Medicines reconciliation against reliable sources, such as primary care records
答え: D · Discard it in front of a second licensed (registered) nurse, who witnesses and documents it
これが答えになる理由
Wasting controlled substances requires a witness, usually another licensed nurse, and both document the waste. This prevents and detects drug diversion.
答え
D · Discard it in front of a second licensed (registered) nurse, who witnesses and documents it
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: A · Report it at once, because fever with severe neutropenia is an emergency
これが答えになる理由
Febrile neutropenia can progress to sepsis quickly. The nurse reports it immediately so cultures can be taken and antibiotics started without delay.
答え
A · Report it at once, because fever with severe neutropenia is an emergency