If the patient becomes too sedated, they stop pressing the button, which protects them. When others press it, this safety mechanism is lost and overdose can occur.
答え
C · Only the patient should press the button
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · APTT for heparin and INR for warfarin
これが答えになる理由
The APTT reflects the intrinsic pathway and is used to adjust heparin infusions. Warfarin is monitored by the INR, a standardised prothrombin time. Platelets are also checked on heparin to detect HIT.
Possible acute coronary syndrome is a high-risk situation, so the patient is ESI level 2 and should be seen very soon. Level 1 is kept for patients who need an immediate life-saving intervention.
答え
D · Level 2
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · An older adult with weakness on one side that began 40 minutes ago
これが答えになる理由
Sudden one-sided weakness suggests a stroke, and treatment depends on how quickly it starts. Severe kidney stone pain needs prompt pain relief, but the patient is stable.
答え
A · An older adult with weakness on one side that began 40 minutes ago
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · On the hands, with the crutch tops a few finger widths below the armpits
これが答えになる理由
Weight is taken on the hands and arms. Leaning on the crutch tops can compress the brachial plexus and cause crutch palsy, so a gap is kept between the crutch top and the axilla.
答え
D · On the hands, with the crutch tops a few finger widths below the armpits
An anti-HBs level of at least 10 mIU/mL after vaccination indicates protection. HBsAg and IgM anti-HBc indicate infection, not immunity. Health care workers are often tested after vaccination.確認に用いた資料:Hepatitis virus panel · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
C · Anti-HBs of 10 mIU/mL or more
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Sodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting
これが答えになる理由
Severe hyponatremia with confusion and vomiting suggests cerebral edema and can progress to seizures and coma. The other results are mildly abnormal and expected for those conditions, so they are less urgent.確認に用いた資料:Low blood sodium - Medical Encyclopedia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); Sodium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
A · Sodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting