What is the purpose of a negative-pressure isolation room?
AAir flows into the room, so airborne particles do not escape into the corridor
BThe low pressure kills bacteria inside the room
CIt makes it easier for patients to breathe
DAir flows out of the room, keeping germs from the corridor away from the patient
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
The wife of a man with terminal cancer cries often and says she is already grieving for him. What is this called?
AAnticipatory grief
BComplicated grief
CDisenfranchised grief
DDelayed grief
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Which advice is correct for a patient taking levothyroxine?
ATake it on an empty stomach, usually before breakfast
BTake it with a large meal to avoid nausea and stomach upset
CStop taking it once the symptoms improve
DTake it only on days when feeling tired
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient with severe ulcerative colitis develops abdominal distension, fever and tachycardia, and the number of stools falls. What complication should be suspected?
A patient with diabetes takes propranolol. Which sign of hypoglycemia is most likely to still appear?
APalpitations
BTremor
CSweating
DTachycardia
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Before inserting a peripheral IV, the nurse cleans the skin with chlorhexidine-alcohol. What should the nurse do next?
AWipe it off with a dry gauze straight away
BLet it dry fully and do not touch the site again
CBlow on the site so it dries faster
DFeel for the vein again with an ungloved finger
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
活動性の肺結核の患者が、面会者に来てほしいと頼みます。最善の対応はどれですか?
A面会者に、部屋に入らず開いた戸口に立ってもらう
Bリスクを説明し、面会を制限し、用意された防護具を使うよう面会者に指導する
C電話も含めて、すべての接触を恒久的に禁止する
D患者を支えるため、あらゆる面会者を予防策なしで入室させる
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
患者の血小板数が 18 × 10³/µL です。適切な看護はどれですか?
A正確さのために、4 時間ごとに直腸で体温を測定する
B1 日 2 回のデンタルフロスと、鋭利なカミソリの刃での髭剃りを勧める
C柔らかい歯ブラシ、電気カミソリ、筋肉内注射をしない
D頭痛のときに、処方されたアスピリンを投与する
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A patient started methimazole for hyperthyroidism 6 weeks ago and now has a fever and a severe sore throat. Which action is most important?
AHold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
BGive the next dose and suggest warm salt-water gargles for comfort
CCheck the TSH and double the dose if it is still low
DAdvise the patient to continue the drug and drink more fluid
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Air flows into the room, so airborne particles do not escape into the corridor
これが答えになる理由
Negative pressure draws air into the room and out through filtered exhaust. It is used for airborne infections such as tuberculosis; positive pressure is used to protect patients with very weak immunity.
答え
A · Air flows into the room, so airborne particles do not escape into the corridor
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Anticipatory grief
これが答えになる理由
Anticipatory grief happens before an expected death. It is a normal reaction, and nurses can support it by listening and involving the family in care.
答え
A · Anticipatory grief
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Take it on an empty stomach, usually before breakfast
これが答えになる理由
Levothyroxine is absorbed best on an empty stomach and is usually taken at the same time each morning. It is normally lifelong, with doses adjusted by thyroid blood tests.
答え
A · Take it on an empty stomach, usually before breakfast
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · Toxic megacolon
これが答えになる理由
Toxic megacolon is acute dilatation of the inflamed colon with systemic toxicity, and it can perforate. Reduced stool frequency with worsening distension is a warning sign needing urgent surgical review.
Beta-blockers can hide tachycardia, palpitations and tremor during hypoglycemia. Sweating is mainly cholinergic, so it usually remains, and patients are taught to check glucose when they sweat.
答え
C · Sweating
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Let it dry fully and do not touch the site again
これが答えになる理由
Chlorhexidine-alcohol must dry completely to kill organisms effectively. Touching the site after cleaning contaminates it, so the vein is located before prepping or with a sterile glove.
答え
B · Let it dry fully and do not touch the site again
答え: A · Hold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
これが答えになる理由
Methimazole and propylthiouracil can cause agranulocytosis, often in the first months of therapy. Fever or sore throat must be reported at once; the drug is held and a CBC with differential is checked. Infection is treated urgently if neutrophils are low.
答え
A · Hold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count