AA sample is taken every four hours and the rest discarded
BThe first urine of the morning is kept and the rest of the day's urine is discarded
COnly urine passed at night is collected
DThe first urine of the morning is discarded and the time noted, then all urine is kept
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
According to current European (ERC) and 2025 American Heart Association guidelines, what is the first action for a conscious adult who is choking and cannot cough effectively?
AStart chest compressions at once
BGive 5 rescue breaths
CGive up to 5 back blows
DGive a glass of water
3.臨床看護学ふつう
Which finding with a groin hernia needs urgent surgical review?
AThe lump gets bigger when the patient coughs
BThe lump disappears completely when the patient lies down flat
CThe lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
DThe lump has been present for several years without pain
4.臨床看護学むずかしい
Which patient should the nurse assess first?
AA patient with diabetes whose glucose is 11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL) before lunch
BA patient with COPD whose SpO2 is 89% and within their target range
CA postoperative patient who rates their pain as 6/10
DA patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
A nurse who never had BCG vaccine has a positive tuberculin skin test for the first time. The chest x-ray is clear and there are no symptoms. What does this most likely mean?
AImmunity to TB from a past exposure
BA failed test that must be repeated next year
CActive TB, which needs airborne isolation
DLatent TB infection, which is not contagious
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
導尿カテーテルが明らかに必要な場合に、カテーテル関連尿路感染症を最もよく予防する方法はどれですか?
Aバッグをベッドの上に置き、膀胱と同じ高さに保つ
B空にしやすいよう、定期的にバッグを接続から外す
C無菌的な挿入、閉鎖式システム、必要性の毎日の見直し
D清潔で付着物がない状態を保つため、毎日カテーテルを交換する
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium of 5.6 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse advise the patient to limit?
ACabbage
BBananas
CApples
DWhite rice
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Weeks after neck surgery, a patient has muscle cramps and tingling. Calcium is low, phosphate is high and parathyroid hormone (PTH) is low. Which condition fits best?
AHypoparathyroidism
BChronic kidney disease
CVitamin D toxicity
DPrimary hyperparathyroidism
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · The first urine of the morning is discarded and the time noted, then all urine is kept
これが答えになる理由
The patient empties the bladder at the start and that urine is discarded. All urine for the next 24 hours is kept, including a final void at the end time.
答え
D · The first urine of the morning is discarded and the time noted, then all urine is kept
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · Give up to 5 back blows
これが答えになる理由
For severe airway obstruction in a conscious adult, give up to 5 back blows, then up to 5 abdominal thrusts if needed, and repeat. Older US teaching started with abdominal thrusts alone. If they become unresponsive, start CPR.
答え
C · Give up to 5 back blows
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · The lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
これが答えになる理由
An irreducible, painful, tender hernia, especially with vomiting, suggests incarceration or strangulation. This is a surgical emergency because the trapped bowel can become ischaemic.
答え
C · The lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
4.臨床看護学
答え: D · A patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
これが答えになる理由
Being unable to complete sentences is a sign of acute severe or life-threatening asthma, an airway and breathing emergency. The other patients need attention but are not immediately life-threatened.
答え
D · A patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
Professional interpreters give accurate, confidential translation of medical information. Family members, especially children, may leave things out and should not be used for important explanations.
答え
A · Use a professional medical interpreter
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · 大腿動脈からの心臓カテーテル検査の 1 時間後:新たな背部痛、脈拍 118 回/分、血圧 92/58 mmHg
D · 大腿動脈からの心臓カテーテル検査の 1 時間後:新たな背部痛、脈拍 118 回/分、血圧 92/58 mmHg
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · Latent TB infection, which is not contagious
これが答えになる理由
A positive skin test with no symptoms and a normal chest x-ray suggests latent TB infection. The person cannot spread TB but should be evaluated for treatment to prevent active disease later.
Bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, dried fruit and beans are high in potassium. Apples, white rice and cabbage are lower-potassium choices that are commonly allowed on a potassium-restricted diet.確認に用いた資料:Potassium in diet · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Chronic kidney disease · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Bananas
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Hypoparathyroidism
これが答えになる理由
Without enough PTH, calcium is not released from bone or kept by the kidney, and phosphate is not excreted, so calcium falls and phosphate rises. It can follow injury or removal of the parathyroid glands during thyroid or neck surgery.確認に用いた資料:Hypoparathyroidism · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Hypocalcemia · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)