A patient with a common cold asks for antibiotics “to be on the safe side”. Which response is best?
AAsk the provider to prescribe antibiotics anyway so that the patient is reassured
BTell the patient that antibiotics will shorten the cold by several days
CExplain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
DSuggest using leftover antibiotics from a previous illness
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
高カルシウム血症に合致する所見の組み合わせはどれですか?
Aテタニー、筋肉のこむら返り、陽性のクボステック徴候
B便秘、疲労、錯乱、腎結石
C尖った T 波と筋力低下のみ
D唯一のサインとしての、非常に薄い尿を伴う口渇
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A 5-year-old has new bruising and petechiae two weeks after a viral illness. Platelets are 12 × 10³/µL; hemoglobin, white cell count and clotting times are normal. Which condition is most likely?
AAcute leukemia
BHemophilia A
CDisseminated intravascular coagulation
DImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: C · Non-opioids such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID
これが答えになる理由
The WHO ladder starts with non-opioids, adds a weak opioid for moderate pain and a strong opioid for severe pain, with adjuvants at any step. It is still widely taught, although current WHO guidance stresses individual assessment over a strict step-by-step approach.
答え
C · Non-opioids such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Many cold remedies also contain paracetamol, risking liver damage
これが答えになる理由
Paracetamol is in many combination products. Taking several at once can push the total over the safe daily maximum and cause liver damage, so patients are taught to check labels.
答え
B · Many cold remedies also contain paracetamol, risking liver damage
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
これが答えになる理由
ABPI compares ankle and arm blood pressures. A low result suggests arterial insufficiency, where compression could cause ischaemia; venous ulcers with adequate arterial supply are treated with compression.
答え
D · To exclude significant arterial disease, as compression could cut off blood flow
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · "If I get a temperature, I'll take paracetamol and wait until my next clinic."
これが答えになる理由
A fever after chemotherapy may be neutropenic sepsis, which needs urgent assessment and antibiotics. Patients should call the oncology helpline straight away rather than masking the fever with paracetamol (acetaminophen).
答え
B · "If I get a temperature, I'll take paracetamol and wait until my next clinic."
答え: A · Give five rescue breaths; if breathing starts, tag the child red
これが答えになる理由
In JumpSTART, an apneic child with a pulse gets five rescue breaths, because the cause is often respiratory. If breathing starts the child is immediate (red); if not, the child is expectant.
答え
A · Give five rescue breaths; if breathing starts, tag the child red
答え: C · Explain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
これが答えになる理由
Colds are caused by viruses, which antibiotics do not kill. Unneeded antibiotics cause side effects and drive resistance, so the nurse explains this and offers advice on managing symptoms.
答え
C · Explain that antibiotics do not work on viruses and overuse breeds resistant bacteria
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · 便秘、疲労、錯乱、腎結石
これが答えになる理由
高カルシウムは神経と筋の興奮性を低下させ、疲労、便秘、錯乱、骨の痛み、腎結石を起こします。テタニーとクボステック徴候は、低カルシウムのサインです。確認に用いた資料:Calcium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答え
B · 便秘、疲労、錯乱、腎結石
18.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
これが答えになる理由
ITP is immune destruction of platelets, often after a viral infection in children. It causes isolated thrombocytopenia with normal other counts and clotting tests. Leukemia usually affects other cell lines, DIC prolongs clotting times and hemophilia prolongs the aPTT.確認に用いた資料:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)