A patient has patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). A family member presses the button while the patient sleeps. What should the nurse explain?
APressing it while the patient sleeps prevents the pain from getting worse later
BThe pump will always stop any overdose
COnly the patient should press it, because this keeps the system safe
DFamily can press it as long as they count the presses
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A nurse has a needlestick from a patient with hepatitis B. The nurse finished the vaccine series and has a documented protective antibody level. Which statement is correct?
AThe nurse must stop all patient care for six months
BNo reporting is needed because the nurse is immune
CHepatitis B immune globulin and a complete new vaccine series are both needed at once
DNo hepatitis B treatment is needed, but the injury is still reported and followed up
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
How often is the INR usually checked when warfarin is first started?
AOnly if bleeding occurs at home
BEvery few days, until it is stable
COnce a year, at a routine visit
DEvery hour, during the first week
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
鉄欠乏性貧血に最も典型的な結果の組み合わせはどれですか?
Aヘモグロビンの低下、大きな赤血球(高 MCV)、高フェリチン
Bヘモグロビンの低下、小さな赤血球(低 MCV)、低フェリチン
C高ヘモグロビンと高ヘマトクリット
Dヘモグロビンは正常で、血小板数のみ高い
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · The unaffected leg
これが答えになる理由
Going up, the strong leg steps first and lifts the body, followed by the crutches and the injured leg. Going down, the crutches and injured leg go first.
答え
A · The unaffected leg
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · 48 hours after the symptoms have stopped
これが答えになる理由
People can still shed norovirus after symptoms settle, so staff usually stay off work until 48 hours symptom-free. This helps stop outbreaks spreading on wards.
答え: B · Not start until a correct identity band is in place and identity is confirmed
これが答えになる理由
Positive patient identification, using an identity band checked against the blood unit and prescription, is essential before every transfusion. Wrong blood incidents can cause fatal ABO incompatibility reactions.
答え
B · Not start until a correct identity band is in place and identity is confirmed
答え: C · Only the patient should press it, because this keeps the system safe
これが答えになる理由
PCA is safe because a patient who becomes drowsy stops pressing the button. When others press it (“PCA by proxy”), sedation and respiratory depression can occur.
答え
C · Only the patient should press it, because this keeps the system safe
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: D · No hepatitis B treatment is needed, but the injury is still reported and followed up
これが答えになる理由
A documented vaccine responder is protected against hepatitis B and needs no hepatitis B prophylaxis. The exposure is still reported, because the nurse and source patient need assessment for HIV and hepatitis C as well.
答え
D · No hepatitis B treatment is needed, but the injury is still reported and followed up
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Every few days, until it is stable
これが答えになる理由
When warfarin is started or its dose changes, the INR is checked frequently (often every few days) until it is stable in the target range. After that, the interval can be extended, often up to every 4 weeks or longer if very stable.
答え
B · Every few days, until it is stable
18.検査値と電解質
答え: B · ヘモグロビンの低下、小さな赤血球(低 MCV)、低フェリチン
これが答えになる理由
鉄欠乏は、鉄の貯蔵が少ない(低フェリチン)小球性貧血(低 MCV)を起こします。大きな赤血球は、ビタミン B12 または葉酸の欠乏を示唆します。確認に用いた資料:Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); RBC indices · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)