A patient with type 2 diabetes has a target HbA1c below 7% (53 mmol/mol). Today's result is 7.8% (62 mmol/mol). What is the best interpretation?
AGlucose control has been excellent for the past several months
BAverage glucose over the past months has been above the target
CThe patient has had frequent episodes of severe hypoglycemia
DThe result shows today's fasting glucose is above the target
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient with chronic kidney disease about a potassium-restricted diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"
B"I can leach potatoes by soaking them before cooking them"
C"I'll check food labels and ask my dietitian about portion sizes"
D"I'll limit bananas, oranges and potatoes in my meals"
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Integrity versus despair
これが答えになる理由
In late adulthood people review their lives. A sense of meaning brings integrity, while regret can lead to despair. Reminiscence can support this stage.
答え
A · Integrity versus despair
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · The heat comes from failed heat loss, not a raised set point
これが答えになる理由
In fever the hypothalamus raises the set point, and antipyretics lower it. In heatstroke the set point is normal but heat cannot be lost, so active cooling is needed.
答え
B · The heat comes from failed heat loss, not a raised set point
3.臨床看護学
答え: A · Sit down before using it, as it can cause dizziness and low blood pressure
これが答えになる理由
GTN causes vasodilation, which can lead to headache, flushing, dizziness and hypotension. Patients should sit, and seek emergency help if the pain does not settle after the advised doses.
答え
A · Sit down before using it, as it can cause dizziness and low blood pressure
答え: A · Place the end of the tube in a bottle of sterile water
これが答えになる理由
Putting the tube end in sterile water creates a temporary water seal until a new drainage system is connected. Long clamping can cause a tension pneumothorax, and the nurse does not remove the tube.
答え
A · Place the end of the tube in a bottle of sterile water
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Heart rate 38/min and potassium 2.8 mEq/L
これが答えになる理由
Severe bradycardia and low potassium can cause fatal arrhythmias. The body-image beliefs and eating behaviors matter, but physiological safety comes first.
答え: B · Average glucose over the past months has been above the target
これが答えになる理由
An HbA1c of 7.8% shows that average glucose has been above the individual target over about 2–3 months. The nurse explores diet, activity, medication use and barriers, and the treatment plan may be adjusted.確認に用いた資料:Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
B · Average glucose over the past months has been above the target
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · "Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"
これが答えになる理由
Dried fruits such as apricots and raisins are very high in potassium and should be limited in kidney disease with hyperkalemia. Limiting high-potassium foods, leaching vegetables and reading labels are correct strategies.確認に用いた資料:Potassium in diet · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Spironolactone · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2018)
答え
A · "Dried apricots and raisins will be a good snack for me now"