A patient taking warfarin has an INR of 5.2 and no signs of bleeding. What should the nurse do?
AHold the warfarin dose and inform the provider
BGive a double dose to correct the result
CGive the usual dose and recheck the INR next month
DEncourage the patient to take aspirin for pain
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
An older patient with heart failure is receiving a second unit of blood. She becomes breathless, with crackles in both lungs and a rising blood pressure. What is most likely happening?
ATransfusion-associated circulatory overload
BA mild allergic reaction with hives
CHypoglycemia caused by the stored blood product
DAn expected effect of the first unit
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Which toy is safest for a toddler?
AA toy with small magnets that come out easily
BA large toy with no small parts that can come off
CA bag of marbles to sort by color
DA balloon to play with when an adult is out of the room
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
During a disaster, the hospital needs to free beds quickly. Which patient is the best candidate for early discharge?
AA patient with ongoing chest pain awaiting cardiac tests
BA patient on an IV heparin infusion that is still being adjusted
CA patient admitted overnight for observation who is now stable with normal tests
DA patient on a ventilator in the intensive care unit who is slowly improving
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with schizophrenia is starting clozapine. Which laboratory value must be monitored regularly?
答え: C · Increased urine output, less breathlessness and a falling weight
これが答えになる理由
Effective diuresis increases urine output and reduces congestion, so breathing improves and weight falls. Electrolytes, renal function and blood pressure are also monitored.
答え
C · Increased urine output, less breathlessness and a falling weight
4.臨床看護学
答え: A · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
これが答えになる理由
Delirium develops over hours to days, with fluctuating attention and consciousness, and is often reversible when the cause is treated. Dementia is a gradual, progressive decline. Patients with dementia are at higher risk of delirium.
答え
A · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
答え: A · Hold the warfarin dose and inform the provider
これが答えになる理由
An INR well above target raises the risk of serious bleeding. The nurse holds the dose, informs the provider and watches for bleeding. Without bleeding, holding warfarin is usually enough at this level; vitamin K is mainly used for very high INRs or bleeding.
答え
A · Hold the warfarin dose and inform the provider
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Transfusion-associated circulatory overload
これが答えになる理由
Breathlessness, crackles and hypertension during a transfusion in a patient with heart failure suggest circulatory overload. The nurse stops the transfusion, sits the patient up, gives oxygen as prescribed and informs the provider, who may prescribe a diuretic.
答え
A · Transfusion-associated circulatory overload
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · A large toy with no small parts that can come off
これが答えになる理由
Small parts, marbles, magnets and uninflated or broken balloons are choking hazards for young children. Toys should be large, sturdy and suited to the child’s age.
答え
B · A large toy with no small parts that can come off
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · A patient admitted overnight for observation who is now stable with normal tests
これが答えになる理由
In a surge, stable patients who could be safely cared for at home are discharged first. Patients who are unstable or need close monitoring or titrated infusions must stay.
答え
C · A patient admitted overnight for observation who is now stable with normal tests
17.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Absolute neutrophil count
これが答えになる理由
Clozapine can cause severe neutropenia (agranulocytosis), so the ANC is checked before starting and regularly during treatment. A sore throat, fever or other sign of infection must be reported at once.