APast the internal sphincter, against the rectal wall
BAfter the patient has stood up and bent forward
CJust inside the anus, without passing the sphincter
DInto the middle of the stool in the rectum so it softens it
2.基礎看護学むずかしい
A colleague asks the nurse to countersign the controlled drug register for a dose the nurse did not see being prepared or given. What should the nurse do?
ASign, as the colleague is trustworthy
BSign, but only if the colleague is senior
CSign it later, at the end of the shift, once the colleague explains
DRefuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
3.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient is receiving enteral feeding through a nasogastric tube. How should they be positioned during feeding?
ALying on the left side with the head down to help the feed drain
BLying completely flat
CWith the head of the bed raised to at least 30 degrees
A patient has a tonic-clonic seizure in bed. What should the nurse do first?
AHold the arms and legs down firmly to stop the jerking movements quickly
BGive a drink of water to help the patient wake
CProtect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
DPlace a tongue depressor between the teeth
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with major depression has been withdrawn for weeks but is suddenly calm and cheerful and gives away her belongings. What should the nurse suspect?
AA full recovery, so observation can be reduced
BA raised risk of suicide, because she may have made a decision
CThat she is getting ready for discharge as planned
DA side effect of her antidepressant medicine that needs no special action
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
A child has swallowed a button battery. Why is this urgent?
AIt is only harmful if several batteries are swallowed
BThe only risk is poisoning from heavy metals years later
CIt can burn through the lining of the esophagus within hours
DIt always passes through the gut without harm
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
A patient arrives in the operating room for knee surgery, and the site has not been marked. What should happen?
AMark the site after the patient is anesthetized and draped
BDo not start until the site is marked and verified with the patient
CLet the circulating nurse mark the site from memory of the surgeon’s plan
DStart the surgery, because the consent form shows the side
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with pneumonia had a CRP of 180 mg/L on admission and 40 mg/L after 4 days of antibiotics. What does this most likely show?
AThe patient has developed a new infection
BThe infection has spread to another organ
CThe antibiotic is causing liver damage
DThe inflammation is settling with treatment
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
A young woman with frequent self-induced vomiting has swollen salivary glands. Which laboratory pattern is most likely?
AHigh potassium, low bicarbonate and low amylase
BLow sodium, low bicarbonate and high lipase
CLow potassium, high bicarbonate and high amylase
DHigh calcium, high phosphate and high glucose
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: A · Past the internal sphincter, against the rectal wall
これが答えになる理由
The suppository is pushed past the internal anal sphincter and placed against the rectal wall, usually with the patient lying on the left side. Placing it in stool stops absorption.
答え
A · Past the internal sphincter, against the rectal wall
2.基礎看護学
答え: D · Refuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
これが答えになる理由
Countersigning means confirming that you witnessed the check and administration. Signing for something you did not see is dishonest and removes an important safety check.
答え
D · Refuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed
3.臨床看護学
答え: C · With the head of the bed raised to at least 30 degrees
これが答えになる理由
Keeping the head raised to at least 30–45° during feeding and for a period afterwards lowers the risk of aspiration pneumonia.
答え
C · With the head of the bed raised to at least 30 degrees
答え: C · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
これが答えになる理由
During a seizure the nurse protects the patient from injury and turns them to the side to keep the airway clear. Nothing is put in the mouth, movements are not restrained and nothing is given by mouth.
答え
C · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · A raised risk of suicide, because she may have made a decision
これが答えになる理由
A sudden lift in mood with giving away belongings can mean the patient has decided to end her life. The nurse asks directly about suicidal thoughts and keeps her safe.
答え
B · A raised risk of suicide, because she may have made a decision
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · It can burn through the lining of the esophagus within hours
これが答えになる理由
A button battery lodged in the esophagus can cause severe chemical burns within a few hours, so the child needs emergency assessment and often removal. It should never be treated as harmless.
答え
C · It can burn through the lining of the esophagus within hours
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Do not start until the site is marked and verified with the patient
これが答えになる理由
Wrong-site surgery is prevented by marking the site before the procedure, ideally with the awake patient’s involvement, and confirming it at the time-out. The procedure does not begin until this is done.
答え
B · Do not start until the site is marked and verified with the patient
17.検査値と電解質
答え: D · The inflammation is settling with treatment
これが答えになる理由
CRP has a short half-life of about 19 hours, so it falls within days when inflammation is controlled. A falling CRP, together with clinical improvement, supports a response to treatment; a CRP that stays high or rises again needs review.確認に用いた資料:C-reactive protein · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · The inflammation is settling with treatment
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Low potassium, high bicarbonate and high amylase
これが答えになる理由
Repeated vomiting causes hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis (high bicarbonate) from the loss of stomach acid. Enlarged salivary glands can raise salivary amylase. Hypokalemia can cause dangerous arrhythmias, so it is monitored and corrected.確認に用いた資料:Bulimia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
C · Low potassium, high bicarbonate and high amylase