BRespiratory rate 18/min, alert, systolic BP 130 mmHg, temperature 38.5 °C
CRespiratory rate 16/min, alert, systolic BP 105 mmHg, WBC 13,000/mm3
DRespiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
17.検査値と電解質ふつう
A woman who is 30 weeks pregnant has a new blood pressure of 152/98 mm Hg. Which urine finding would most support preeclampsia?
AGlucose in the urine
BProtein in the urine
CNitrites in the urine
DKetones in the urine
18.検査値と電解質むずかしい
Which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pattern most strongly suggests bacterial meningitis?
ACloudy fluid, low glucose, high protein, many neutrophils
BClear fluid, high glucose, low protein, many red cells
CClear fluid, normal glucose, normal protein, no white cells
DClear fluid, normal glucose, mildly raised protein, lymphocytes
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · They have enough understanding to consent to a particular treatment themselves
これが答えになる理由
A Gillick-competent young person under 16 has enough maturity and understanding to consent to a specific treatment. Competence is judged for each decision.
答え
D · They have enough understanding to consent to a particular treatment themselves
2.基礎看護学
答え: C · It is deceptive; the pain should be assessed and treated
これが答えになる理由
Using a placebo without consent deceives the patient and damages trust. Response to a placebo does not prove the pain is not real. The patient's report should be believed and reassessed.
答え
C · It is deceptive; the pain should be assessed and treated
A rapidly expanding neck haematoma after thyroid surgery is an airway emergency. Call for urgent help; local protocols often require equipment to release the wound clips or sutures to be kept at the bedside.
答え: D · Lethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
これが答えになる理由
Lethargy, a sunken fontanel and no urine for hours suggest severe dehydration, which can lead to shock in infants. The other infants are well hydrated.
答え
D · Lethargic, sunken fontanel, no wet diaper for 8 hours
答え: D · Respiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
これが答えになる理由
qSOFA scores one point each for a respiratory rate of 22/min or more, altered mental status and a systolic BP of 100 mmHg or less. Two or more points mean higher risk, so the first patient needs urgent escalation.
答え
D · Respiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
17.検査値と電解質
答え: B · Protein in the urine
これが答えになる理由
Preeclampsia is new hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy with proteinuria or other signs of organ involvement, such as low platelets, raised liver enzymes or rising creatinine. Proteinuria reflects damage to the glomerular filter.確認に用いた資料:Preeclampsia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
B · Protein in the urine
18.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Cloudy fluid, low glucose, high protein, many neutrophils
これが答えになる理由
Bacterial meningitis typically gives cloudy CSF with many neutrophils, high protein and low glucose, because bacteria and white cells use glucose. Viral meningitis usually shows lymphocytes with a normal glucose; option C is normal CSF.確認に用いた資料:CSF glucose test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); CSF cell count · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025); CSF total protein · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
A · Cloudy fluid, low glucose, high protein, many neutrophils