Using the Emergency Severity Index, which level fits a 70-year-old with chest pressure that suggests a heart attack, but normal vital signs?
ALevel 2
BLevel 5
CLevel 1
DLevel 4
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
During surgery under general anesthesia, a patient develops rising end-tidal carbon dioxide, muscle rigidity and a rapidly increasing temperature. Which drug should the nurse anticipate?
AAtropine
BNaloxone
CFlumazenil
DDantrolene
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
Many intensive care units bathe patients daily with chlorhexidine. What is the main purpose?
ATo lower the patient’s body temperature
BTo reduce skin bacteria and bloodstream infections linked to central lines
CTo treat existing wound infections without the need for antibiotics
A patient has fever, confusion, a platelet count of 15 × 10³/µL, anemia with fragmented red cells (schistocytes) and a raised creatinine. Clotting times are normal. Which condition should be suspected?
ADisseminated intravascular coagulation
BImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
CThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
DVitamin K deficiency with bleeding
3溶液
1.基礎看護学
答え: D · Ease them gently to the floor while protecting their head
これが答えになる理由
Trying to stop a fall can injure both the nurse and the patient. The nurse widens their stance, supports the patient and guides them down, protecting the head.
答え
D · Ease them gently to the floor while protecting their head
2.基礎看護学
答え: B · Help the patient sit or lie down safely
これが答えになる理由
These signs suggest postural hypotension and a risk of fainting. The nurse lowers the patient safely first, then checks blood pressure and pulse and reports the finding.
答え
B · Help the patient sit or lie down safely
3.臨床看護学
答え: D · Apply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
これが答えになる理由
Suctioning only on withdrawal and keeping it brief reduces hypoxia and mucosal damage. Suction is performed when needed, not routinely, and the patient is pre-oxygenated if required.
答え
D · Apply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
Possible acute coronary syndrome is a high-risk situation, so the patient is ESI level 2 and should be seen very soon. Level 1 is kept for patients who need an immediate life-saving intervention.
答え
A · Level 2
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Dantrolene
これが答えになる理由
Malignant hyperthermia is a reaction to some anesthetic agents that causes hypermetabolism. The triggering drug is stopped and dantrolene is given, with active cooling and support.
答え
D · Dantrolene
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · To reduce skin bacteria and bloodstream infections linked to central lines
これが答えになる理由
Daily chlorhexidine bathing lowers the number of organisms on the skin, reducing central line-associated bloodstream infections and the spread of resistant bacteria in ICUs.
答え
B · To reduce skin bacteria and bloodstream infections linked to central lines
機能が低下した腎臓がリン酸を保持すると、リン酸がカルシウムと結合し、ビタミン D の活性化が低下するため、血清カルシウムは低下しがちです。これが二次性副甲状腺機能亢進症と骨疾患の原因になります。確認に用いた資料:Hypocalcemia (StatPearls) · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026); Phosphate in Blood · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答え
B · 血清カルシウムの低下
18.検査値と電解質
答え: C · Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
これが答えになる理由
TTP causes small clots that consume platelets, break red cells (microangiopathic hemolysis) and damage the brain and kidneys, while clotting times usually stay normal. It is an emergency treated with plasma exchange; platelet transfusion is generally avoided.確認に用いた資料:Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)