A patient on a medical unit tells the nurse he has a plan to end his life and has saved tablets at home. What is the priority action?
AReassure him that things usually look better in the morning after some sleep
BAsk him to promise he will not harm himself
CArrange a psychiatry appointment for next week
DEnsure constant observation and remove anything he could use to harm himself
14.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism has surgery and develops a temperature of 40 °C, a heart rate of 160/min and severe agitation. What is most likely happening?
AOpioid withdrawal
BA normal reaction to pain
CMyxedema coma
DThyroid storm
15.感染管理と患者の安全ふつう
After teaching a patient about a new medication, how does the nurse best check understanding?
AAsk the family whether they understood the teaching
BAsk the patient to explain in their own words how and when to take it
CAsk “Do you understand?” and accept a yes
DGive a printed leaflet about the drug and assume the patient will read it at home
16.感染管理と患者の安全むずかしい
In a US hospital (CMS rules), a patient keeps pulling at an endotracheal tube, and alternatives have failed. The nurse applies wrist restraints in an emergency. What must happen next?
AKeep the restraints on without an order until the patient is calm
BAsk the family to sign a consent form instead of an order
CObtain a time-limited order for the restraint promptly, following policy
DAsk the provider for a PRN restraint order to use as needed
Intramuscular injections are given at 90 degrees so the needle passes through the skin and fat into the muscle. Intradermal injections use about 10–15 degrees.
答え
C · 90 degrees
2.基礎看護学
答え: A · Full name and date of birth, checked against the wristband
これが答えになる理由
At least two personal identifiers, such as name, date of birth and hospital number, are checked with the patient and the wristband. Bed and room numbers change and are not identifiers.
答え
A · Full name and date of birth, checked against the wristband
3.臨床看護学
答え: B · Their stools may turn dark or black
これが答えになる理由
Oral iron commonly darkens the stool and can cause constipation or stomach upset. Tea and antacids reduce absorption, while vitamin C may increase it.
答え
B · Their stools may turn dark or black
4.臨床看護学
答え: B · To rule out septic arthritis, which can rapidly destroy the joint
これが答えになる理由
Septic arthritis can destroy cartilage within days. Aspiration allows microscopy and culture, and helps distinguish infection from crystal arthritis such as gout.
答え
B · To rule out septic arthritis, which can rapidly destroy the joint
答え: D · Ensure constant observation and remove anything he could use to harm himself
これが答えになる理由
A patient with a plan and means is at high risk. Safety comes first: constant observation, removal of means and urgent referral. A “no-harm promise” does not protect the patient.
答え
D · Ensure constant observation and remove anything he could use to harm himself
14.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Thyroid storm
これが答えになる理由
Thyroid storm is a life-threatening surge of thyroid hormone, with fever, tachycardia and agitation or confusion. It needs urgent treatment; myxedema coma is the opposite extreme of hypothyroidism.
答え
D · Thyroid storm
15.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: B · Ask the patient to explain in their own words how and when to take it
これが答えになる理由
With teach-back, the patient explains the information in their own words, which shows whether the teaching worked. A yes to “Do you understand?” does not confirm understanding.
答え
B · Ask the patient to explain in their own words how and when to take it
16.感染管理と患者の安全
答え: C · Obtain a time-limited order for the restraint promptly, following policy
これが答えになる理由
Under US CMS rules, a nurse may apply a restraint first in an emergency, but an order from a licensed provider must be obtained promptly according to policy. PRN restraint orders are not allowed, and family consent does not replace an order. Other countries use different legal frameworks, but restraint is always a last resort that must be authorized, reviewed and documented.
答え
C · Obtain a time-limited order for the restraint promptly, following policy